Sustainable application of ferrochrome slag as green aggregate material for novel application in concrete - A review

Abstract

Effective utilization of industrial waste as precursors and aggregates in concrete makes it more sustainable and eco-friendlier. This also reduces the disposal problems, as it would otherwise create contamination and pollution. Several popular industrial wastes were successfully utilized as concreting materials and the most significant one among them is ferrochrome lag. This ferrochrome slag is the by-product during the manufacturing of ferrochrome alloy that contains chromium content which would be potentially harmful to the environment. On the other hand, ferrochrome slag comprises excellent physical and mechanical compatibilities that could certainly be adopted as a coarse aggregate in concrete. This paper critically reviews the literature that adopted the ferrochrome slag as a green concrete material without compromising the technical properties of the concrete. The addition of ferrochrome slag in concrete produced both favorable and adverse effects on various properties of concrete, like mechanical, durability, and microstructural aspects, which were explored in detail in this paper. Based on the scrupulous review of the literature, significant research areas where additional focus is required were summarized which would provide a greater scope for future researchers.