Efficiency enhancement of DSSCs based on sol-gel prepared ZnO nanoparticles through cosensitization with natural and synthetic pigments

IF 4.3 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL Chemical Physics Impact Pub Date : 2025-03-31 DOI:10.1016/j.chphi.2025.100868

Vahdat Rafee , Alireza Razeghizadeh , Forough Yazdizadeh , Roohollah Nakhaei

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Abstract

This study explores the effect of co-sensitizing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on ZnO nanoparticles with natural pigments from Nerium (oleander) and Ziziphus jujuba (jujube) fruit peel, alongside the synthetic pigment N719, to enhance efficiency. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method, and five DSSC samples (DS1-DS5) were fabricated using the Doctor Blade technique. These were sensitized with: (1) jujube extract (D1), (2) Nerium extract (D2), (3) N719 (D3), (4) a blend of D1 and D2 (D4), and (5) a co-sensitized mix of D1, D2, and N719 (D5) in a 1:1:2 ratio. Structural and optical properties were characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, while photovoltaic performance was evaluated with a solar simulator. Results revealed that DS5, co-sensitized with all three pigments, exhibited the broadest absorption spectrum (200–600 nm) and the highest efficiency (3.28 %), attributed to enhanced light harvesting and electron transfer. The ZnO films showed a uniform, porous structure with an average nanoparticle size of 42.16 nm. This co-sensitization approach, combining low-cost natural dyes with N719, offers an eco-friendly and efficient strategy for improving DSSC performance.

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溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO纳米粒子，通过与天然和合成色素共敏，提高DSSCs的效率

本研究探讨了采用夹竹桃、红枣果皮等天然色素及合成色素N719共敏氧化锌纳米粒子染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSCs）提高效率的效果。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了ZnO纳米粒子，并利用Doctor Blade技术制备了5个DSSC样品（DS1-DS5）。分别用：(1)红枣提取物（D1）， (2) Nerium提取物（D2）， (3) N719 (D3), (4) D1和D2的混合物（D4）， (5) D1、D2和N719按1:1:2的比例共增敏（D5）。利用FE-SEM， XRD和UV-Vis光谱对其结构和光学性能进行了表征，并利用太阳能模拟器对其光伏性能进行了评估。结果表明，与三种色素共敏的DS5具有最宽的吸收光谱（200 ~ 600 nm）和最高的效率（3.28%），这主要归功于增强的光捕获和电子转移。ZnO薄膜具有均匀的多孔结构，平均纳米颗粒尺寸为42.16 nm。这种将低成本天然染料与N719相结合的共敏化方法，为提高DSSC性能提供了一种环保高效的策略。

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