RETRACTION: Lithium Inhibits Aluminum-Induced Apoptosis in Rabbit Hippocampus, by Preventing Cytochrome c Translocation, Bcl-2 Decrease, Bax Elevation and Caspase-3 Activation

Abstract

RETRACTION: O. Ghribi, M. M. Herman, N. K. Spaulding, and J. Savory, “Lithium Inhibits Aluminum-Induced Apoptosis in Rabbit Hippocampus, by Preventing Cytochrome c Translocation, Bcl-2 Decrease, Bax Elevation and Caspase-3 Activation,” Journal of Neurochemistry 82, no. 1 (2002): 137-145, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00957.x.

The above article, published online on 25 June 2002 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Andrew Lawrence; the International Society for Neurochemistry; and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. A third party notified the journal about concerns of image duplication in this article. Further investigation by the publisher and the journal confirmed that images in Figure 2b had been duplicated and rotated, bands in Figure 3 had been duplicated and rotated, an image had been duplicated between Figure 4b(i) and Figure 5a, an actin band had been duplicated between Figure 2a and Figure 3, and band in Figure 1 had been potentially duplicated and resized. Some authors could not be reached, and the remaining authors otherwise did not respond to inquiries by the journal and publisher. The retraction has been agreed to because the evidence of image duplication, rotation, and resizing fundamentally compromises the conclusions presented in the article and, due to the lack of original data, the conclusions cannot be verified. The authors did not respond to our notice regarding the retraction.