Assessing Serum Apolipoproteins A-I and b100 and the Apo A-I/Apo b100 Ratio in Relation to Premature Coronary Artery Disease and Its Severity

Abstract

Background

Apolipoproteins are proposed to predict the status of CAD and its occurrence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum levels of apolipoproteins A-I, b100 and the ratio of Apo A-I/Apo b100 with the development and severity of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD).

Methods

In this registry-based case-control study, patients under the age of 50 years with at least one coronary artery disease with stenosis ≥ 50% (PCAD group) were assessed and compared with patients without coronary artery involvement (normal group). The Gensini score considered to assess the CAD severity.

Results

The mean Apo A-I and Apo A-I/Apo b100 levels were higher in the control group, but Apo b100 was higher in the patient group (p < 0.05). Apo A-I and Apo A-I/Apo b100 ratio had a negative correlations (rho = −0.57, rho = −0.71, respectively) with the severity of PCAD based on the Gensini score. Apo b100 also had a positive correlation (rho = 0.67) with the severity of PCAD (p < 0.05). Apo A-I and Apo b100 were significantly associated with the occurrence of PCAD. Based on the results of multivariable analysis, with a 1 mg/dL increase in Apo A-I levels and Apo b100, the odds of PCAD decreased by 13% and increased by 31%, respectively. With a 1 mg/dL increase in apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein b100 levels, the odds of high Gensini score decreased by 7% and increased by 8%, respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

The use of serum apolipoproteins in patients with suspected PCAD can predict the occurrence of CAD and its severity.