Individual differences: Case studies of rodent and primate intelligence.

Louis D Matzel, Bruno Sauce
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引用次数: 25

Abstract

Early in the 20th century, individual differences were a central focus of psychologists. By the end of that century, studies of individual differences had become far less common, and attention to these differences played little role in the development of contemporary theory. To illustrate the important role of individual differences, here we consider variations in intelligence as a compelling example. General intelligence (g) has now been demonstrated in at least 2 distinct genera: primates (including humans, chimpanzees, bonobos, and tamarins) and rodents (mice and rats). The expression of general intelligence varies widely across individuals within a species; these variations have tremendous functional consequence, and are attributable to interactions of genes and environment. Here we provide evidence for these assertions, describe the processes that contribute to variations in general intelligence, as well as the methods that underlie the analysis of individual differences. We conclude by describing why consideration of individual differences is critical to our understanding of learning, cognition, and behavior, and illustrate how attention to individual differences can contribute to more effective administration of therapeutic strategies for psychological disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record

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个体差异:啮齿动物和灵长类动物智力的案例研究。
在20世纪早期,个体差异是心理学家关注的焦点。到那个世纪末,对个体差异的研究已经变得不那么普遍了,对这些差异的关注在当代理论的发展中几乎没有起到什么作用。为了说明个体差异的重要作用,这里我们以智力差异为一个引人注目的例子。一般智力(g)现在至少在两个不同的属中得到证实:灵长类动物(包括人类、黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩和绢毛猴)和啮齿类动物(小鼠和大鼠)。一般智力的表达在一个物种的个体之间差异很大;这些变异具有巨大的功能后果,可归因于基因和环境的相互作用。在这里,我们为这些断言提供了证据,描述了导致一般智力差异的过程,以及分析个体差异的方法。最后,我们描述了为什么考虑个体差异对我们理解学习、认知和行为至关重要,并说明了对个体差异的关注如何有助于更有效地实施心理障碍的治疗策略。(PsycINFO数据库记录
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23.10%
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0
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>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition publishes experimental and theoretical studies concerning all aspects of animal behavior processes.
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