The Precautionary Principle in Zoonotic Disease Control.

IF 1.4 3区 哲学 Q2 ETHICS Public Health Ethics Pub Date : 2021-05-25 eCollection Date: 2021-07-01 DOI:10.1093/phe/phab012
J van Herten, B Bovenkerk
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that zoonotic diseases are a great threat for humanity. During the course of such a pandemic, public health authorities often apply the precautionary principle to justify disease control measures. However, evoking this principle is not without ethical implications. Especially within a One Health strategy, that requires us to balance public health benefits against the health interests of animals and the environment, unrestricted use of the precautionary principle can lead to moral dilemmas. In this article, we analyze the ethical dimensions of the use of the precautionary principle in zoonotic disease control and formulate criteria to protect animals and the environment against one-sided interpretations. Furthermore, we distinguish two possible conceptions of the precautionary principle. First, we notice that because of the unpredictable nature of zoonotic diseases, public health authorities in general focus on the idea of precaution as preparedness. This reactive response often leads to difficult trade-offs between human and animal health. We therefore argue that this policy should always be accompanied by a second policy, that we refer to as precaution as prevention. Although zoonotic diseases are part of our natural world, we have to acknowledge that their origin and global impact are often a consequence of our disturbed relation with animals and the environment.

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人畜共患病控制中的预防原则。
COVID-19 大流行表明,人畜共患病是对人类的巨大威胁。在这种大流行病的过程中,公共卫生当局往往会运用预防原则来证明疾病控制措施的合理性。然而,援引这一原则并非不涉及伦理问题。尤其是在 "一个健康 "战略中,要求我们在公共卫生利益与动物和环境健康利益之间取得平衡,不加限制地使用预防原则可能会导致道德困境。在本文中,我们分析了在人畜共患疾病控制中使用预防原则的道德层面,并制定了保护动物和环境免受片面解释的标准。此外,我们还区分了预防原则的两种可能概念。首先,我们注意到,由于人畜共患病的不可预测性,公共卫生当局一般都将预防作为防备的重点。这种被动反应往往导致在人类健康和动物健康之间进行艰难的权衡。因此,我们认为,在采取这一政策的同时,还应始终采取第二种政策,即我们所说的预防为主。虽然人畜共患病是我们自然世界的一部分,但我们必须承认,它们的起源和全球影响往往是我们与动物和环境关系混乱的结果。
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来源期刊
Public Health Ethics
Public Health Ethics PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-MEDICAL ETHICS
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
9.50%
发文量
28
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Public Health Ethics invites submission of papers on any topic that is relevant for ethical reflection about public health practice and theory. Our aim is to publish readable papers of high scientific quality which will stimulate debate and discussion about ethical issues relating to all aspects of public health. Our main criteria for grading manuscripts include originality and potential impact, quality of philosophical analysis, and relevance to debates in public health ethics and practice. Manuscripts are accepted for publication on the understanding that they have been submitted solely to Public Health Ethics and that they have not been previously published either in whole or in part. Authors may not submit papers that are under consideration for publication elsewhere, and, if an author decides to offer a submitted paper to another journal, the paper must be withdrawn from Public Health Ethics before the new submission is made. The editorial office will make every effort to deal with submissions to the journal as quickly as possible. All papers will be acknowledged on receipt by email and will receive preliminary editorial review within 2 weeks. Papers of high interest will be sent out for external review. Authors will normally be notified of acceptance, rejection, or need for revision within 8 weeks of submission. Contributors will be provided with electronic access to their proof via email; corrections should be returned within 48 hours.
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