The Immediate Impact of Targeted Exercises on Voice Characteristics in Female Speakers With Phonotraumatic Vocal Fold Lesions

Abstract

Objective

To examine the immediate impact of 30 minutes of targeted voice exercises on measures of vocal function and lesion characteristics in female speakers with phonotraumatic vocal fold lesions (PVFLs).

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Method

Twenty-nine (n = 29) female subjects with PVFLs completed a 30 minutes targeted voice exercise protocol and a multidimensional voice analysis was conducted immediately pre and post-exercise. Analysis included expert perceptual evaluation of connected speech and stroboscopy recordings, instrumental analysis by selected aerodynamic and acoustic parameters, and self-ratings of effort and vocal function by participants. The direction and magnitude of the change from pre- to post-exercise for each individual across parameters was assessed against a Minimal Clinically Important Difference criteria.

Results

Variability was observed among participants in their response to exercise and across parameters. Multidirectional change in function was demonstrated across instrumental parameters, with observations of both improvement and decline. The most consistent change observed was a reduced PTP post-exercises for 38% of participants (n = 11), and the greatest magnitude of change was observed in aerodynamic measures of airflow and pressure, and the acoustic parameter semitone range. Variability in the direction of change across instrumental measures was observed for 24% of participants (n = 7), while consistent improved function was seen for 45% (n = 13), declined function for 17% (n = 5) and no change for 14% (n = 4). Participant's self-reported effort and function post-exercise was also multidirectional, with the greatest number reporting improvement. Comparatively little change was observed in perceptual evaluation of speech and stroboscopy recordings. Findings suggest that individuals with all lesion types, sizes and liabilities have the potential to improve vocal function immediately post-exercises according to instrumental measures, with the greatest magnitude of change observed in participants with large lesions. Although participants’ characteristics did not differentiate, those with nodules or polyps tended to report improvement in function and reduced effort post-exercise, whereas those with a diagnosis of pseudocyst/s or a unilateral lesion appeared to report no change or declined function.

Conclusion

Change in measures of vocal function was observed in female speakers with PVFLs immediately following a 30 minutes targeted exercises protocol. Many demonstrated improvement but a high degree of variability was observed in the way speakers respond, and it is likely an individual's response is influenced by a range of factors. Self-rating scales, along with key instrumental parameters sensitive to the presence of PVFLs, may prove most useful in tracking initial change in the immediate and short-term duration in this population, and in assessing stimulability and candidacy for therapy. Further exploration is warranted of stimulability for immediate and cumulative change to achieve sustained improvement in function and efficiency across time.