How Białowieża Forest preserved its primevalness? The development of management and protection in the fourteenth−eighteenth centuries

IF 1.8 3区 农林科学 Q2 FORESTRY Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research Pub Date : 2023-08-18 DOI:10.1080/02827581.2023.2239161
Stanisław Zawadzki, B. Jędrzejewska
{"title":"How Białowieża Forest preserved its primevalness? The development of management and protection in the fourteenth−eighteenth centuries","authors":"Stanisław Zawadzki, B. Jędrzejewska","doi":"10.1080/02827581.2023.2239161","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The former royal forests of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania present a unique example of centuries-old protection. Based on archival documents and published literature, we analyzed the evolution of the management and protection system of Białowieża Forest in the fourteenth-eighteenth century. The timeframe of our analysis (1386-1795) covers the period of the union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Białowieża Forest (BF, now on the borderland of Poland and Belarus) has been the most prominent example of successful long-term protection efforts. The results present: (1) the evolution of the legal status of BF in 1386-1795, (2) the role this woodland played for the monarchs, (3) the goals of protecting BF's resources, (4) types of threats to the forest environment and methods of counteracting risks and enforcing protection, and (5) the development of the hunting and forest personnel of BF and their duties. The egalitarian character and horizontal structure of that personnel, which existed since the fourteenth century (beaters), by the years 1765-1795 developed into a five-level, hierarchical structure (beaters, rangers, guards, subordinate foresters, and a forester), with differentiated tasks and a high complexity of responsibilities and duties.","PeriodicalId":21352,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02827581.2023.2239161","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FORESTRY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

ABSTRACT The former royal forests of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania present a unique example of centuries-old protection. Based on archival documents and published literature, we analyzed the evolution of the management and protection system of Białowieża Forest in the fourteenth-eighteenth century. The timeframe of our analysis (1386-1795) covers the period of the union of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Białowieża Forest (BF, now on the borderland of Poland and Belarus) has been the most prominent example of successful long-term protection efforts. The results present: (1) the evolution of the legal status of BF in 1386-1795, (2) the role this woodland played for the monarchs, (3) the goals of protecting BF's resources, (4) types of threats to the forest environment and methods of counteracting risks and enforcing protection, and (5) the development of the hunting and forest personnel of BF and their duties. The egalitarian character and horizontal structure of that personnel, which existed since the fourteenth century (beaters), by the years 1765-1795 developed into a five-level, hierarchical structure (beaters, rangers, guards, subordinate foresters, and a forester), with differentiated tasks and a high complexity of responsibilities and duties.
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Białowieża森林是如何保存其原始状态的?14 - 18世纪管理和保护的发展
摘要立陶宛大公国的前皇家森林是数百年来保护的独特范例。根据档案文献和已发表的文献,我们分析了14至18世纪比亚沃维耶森林管理和保护系统的演变。我们分析的时间框架(1386-1795)涵盖了波兰王国和立陶宛大公国联合的时期。Białowieża森林(BF,现位于波兰和白俄罗斯边境)是长期保护工作取得成功的最突出例子。结果表明:(1)1386-1795年BF法律地位的演变,(2)这片林地对君主的作用,(3)保护BF资源的目标,(4)对森林环境的威胁类型和应对风险和加强保护的方法,以及(5)BF狩猎和林业人员的发展及其职责。自十四世纪(打人者)以来,该人员的平等主义特征和横向结构一直存在,到1765-1795年,发展成为五级层次结构(打人人者、护林员、警卫、下属护林员和护林员),任务不同,责任和职责高度复杂。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 去求助
来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
26
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: The Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research is a leading international research journal with a focus on forests and forestry in boreal and temperate regions worldwide.
期刊最新文献
Thinning strategies impact the productivity, perpetuity and profitability of mixed stands Open geospatial data can predict the early field performance of Scots pine, Norway spruce and silver birch seedlings in Nordic boreal forests The influence of forest site types on the distribution of moose Alces alces in north-eastern Poland Variable-density thinning designs for harvester-based operations in Northern Europe Private forest owners’ climate adaptation measures and the motivations behind them in a south Swedish county
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1