The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the Human Immune System and Microbiome.

IF 2 Q3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Infectious microbes & diseases Pub Date : 2020-12-23 eCollection Date: 2021-03-01 DOI:10.1097/IM9.0000000000000045

Chuxi Wang, Xin Zhou, Meng Wang, Xin Chen

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Abstract

A recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the single-stranded enveloped RNA virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed into a global pandemic, after it was first reported in Wuhan in December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, and little is known about the basic characteristics of this pathogen, the underlying mechanism of infection, and the potential treatments. The immune system has been known to be actively involved in viral infections. To facilitate the development of COVID-19 treatments, the understanding of immune regulation by this viral infection is urgently needed. This review describes the mechanisms of immune system involvement in viral infections and provides an overview of the dysregulation of immune responses in COVID-19 patients in recent studies. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of gut microbiota in regulating immunity and summarized the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the composition of the microbiome. Overall, this review provides insights for understanding and developing preventive and therapeutic strategies by regulating the immune system and microbiota.

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严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型对人体免疫系统和微生物组的影响

摘要2019年12月首次在武汉报告后，由单链包膜RNA病毒严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）最近爆发，已发展为全球大流行。严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型是一种新出现的病毒，对这种病原体的基本特征、感染的潜在机制和潜在的治疗方法知之甚少。众所周知，免疫系统与病毒感染密切相关。为了促进新冠肺炎治疗的发展，迫切需要了解这种病毒感染的免疫调节。这篇综述描述了免疫系统参与病毒感染的机制，并概述了最近研究中新冠肺炎患者免疫反应的失调。此外，我们强调了肠道微生物群在调节免疫中的作用，并总结了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型感染对微生物组组成的影响。总的来说，这篇综述通过调节免疫系统和微生物群，为理解和制定预防和治疗策略提供了见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Infectious microbes & diseases

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