Analisa Kesehatan Mangrove di Kawasan Ujung Piring dan Teluk Awur Menggunakan Sentinel-2A

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan ekosistem dengan komponen sumberdaya alam meliputi bentang alam, flora, fauna, dan masyarakat sekitar dengan beragam fungsi seperti ekologis, ekonomis dan sosial. Alih fungsi lahan mangrove untuk tambak dan pemukiman yang masif dilakukan mengakibatkan kondisi mangrove di Ujung Piring dan Teluk Awur mengalami penurunan kualitas ekosistem mangrove. Informasi spasial kondisi terkini ekosistem mangrove yang belum tersedia mengakibatkan upaya pencegahan kerusakan dan konservasi ekosistem mangrove tidak berjalan maksimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sebaran, luas, dan kondisi kesehatan mangrove di kawasan Ujung Piring dan Teluk Awur menggunakan citra Sentinel 2A melalui penginderaan jauh dan validasi lapangan. Pendekatan penginderaan jauh memadukan composite band dengan supervised classification dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebaran dan metode Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) untuk mengetahui luas dan kondisi kesehatan mangrove. Validasi lapangan menerapkan hemispherical photography untuk menganalisa tutupan kanopi mangrove di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mangrove kawasan Ujung Piring tersebar di area pantai, ekowisata, dan tambak. Luas mangrove di kawasan Ujung Piring sebesar 21,004 ha terdiri dari 17,519 ha (83,41%) kategori lebat; 2,527 ha (12,03%) kategori sedang; dan 0,958 ha (4,56%) kategori jarang. Mangrove kawasan Teluk Awur dapat dijumpai di area pantai, daerah konservasi mangrove, tambak, aliran sungai, pemukiman, dan lahan terbuka. Mangrove di kawasan Teluk Awur memilki luas 10,657 ha tersusun oleh 8,013 ha (75,1% kategori lebat); 0,688 ha (6,5%) kategori sedang; dan 1,956 ha (18,4%) kategori jarang.  The mangrove ecosystem contains various natural resource components including landscapes, flora, fauna, and its surrounding communities with various ecological, economic, and social functions. Massive conversion of mangrove area for ponds and settlements has reduced the ecosystem quality of mangroves in Ujung Piring and Teluk Awur. The lack or even inexistence of spatial information regarding the current condition of the mangrove ecosystem has hindered the efforts to prevent damage and conserve mangrove ecosystem from running optimally. This research sought to examine the distribution, area, and health condition of mangroves in Ujung Piring and Teluk Awur areas using Sentinel-2A imagery by means of remote sensing and field validation. The remote sensing approach combined composite bands with supervised classification to determine the distribution and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) method to determine the extent and health conditions of mangroves. The field validation applied hemispherical photography to analyze mangrove canopy cover in the field. The research results revealed that the mangroves in Ujung Piring area were distributed in coastal, ecotourism, and pond areas. The mangroves in Ujung Piring area measured 21.004 ha consisting of 17.519 ha (83.41%) in the dense category; 2,527 ha (12.03%) medium category; and 0.958 ha (4.56%) in sparse category. The mangroves in Teluk Awur area were found in coastal, mangrove conservation, pond, river, settlement, and open areas. The mangroves in Teluk Awur measured 10,657 ha consisting of 8,013 ha (75.1% dense category); 0.688 ha (6.5%) medium category; and 1,956 ha (18.4%) in sparse category.