Characteristics of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Education Vary in Entry-Level Doctor of Physical Therapy Programs

Abstract

Background/Purpose: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with high risks of mismanagement is being used more frequently in critical care for cardiorespiratory failure. The safety and feasibility of physical therapy (PT) for patients on ECMO have been established. Little is known about ECMO education and training for entry-level physical therapist students. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of ECMO education in entry-level doctor of physical therapy (DPT) educational programs and examine any correlations among these characteristics. Methods: A survey was developed on the basis of a literature search and author experience. The anonymous survey was disseminated electronically to directors of all Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE)–accredited DPT programs in the United States. Results: Faculty from 31 (12.8%) programs responded. Some level of ECMO-related education was included in 25 (80.65%) programs. Content of didactic education varied across programs. Other modes of ECMO education included case study discussions, simulation training, and hands-on experience. Statistically significant relationships were identified among university affiliation with an academic medical center and the presence of case studies (n = 6, P < .05) and hands-on experience (n = 8, P = .001), as well as between instructor cardiovascular and pulmonary specialist credentials and the presence of hands-on experience (n = 12, P < .001). Discussion/Conclusion: The extent and characteristics of ECMO-related education vary among entry-level DPT programs. Programs affiliated with academic medical centers and specialty-certified instructors may provide exposure to broader critical care content, such as ECMO. Formalized curricular guidelines may be necessary to help adequately prepare students for clinical practice. Entry-level clinicians should advocate for advanced training when appropriate.