Treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Update and future

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the widespread diseases affecting aging males globally. As prostatic cell proliferation, it clinically influences a great degree of bladder outlet obstruction and is characterized by bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Assessments and treatments should not only be conducted based on the prostate volume or condition, related symptoms and quality of life should be considered also. The present analysis focuses on the update of management for BPH, including pharmacotherapy and slightly invasive surgical options. Despite alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists, many other factors and even combination therapy were extensively studied. Regarding slightly invasive surgical treatments, including Aquablation, water vapor thermal therapy, prostatic artery embolization, prostatic urethral lift, and nitinol butterfly-like stent, we analyzed the latest findings of studies, as well as safety issues. Finally, we highlighted current guidelines for clinical practice and future direction for further investigation.