Birds in Medieval Norway

Q1 Social Sciences Open Quaternary Pub Date : 2019-06-17 DOI:10.5334/OQ.58
Samuel J. Walker, A. Hufthammer, H. Meijer
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

Whilst modern avian distributions in Scandinavia are well studied, how past events and processes have shaped modern bird communities in the region remains poorly known. This is mainly due to the fact that work on post-glacial avian assemblages has been done mostly from an archaeological perspective, and on a site-specific basis. Therefore, in order to understand the history of bird species in Scandinavia, there is a clear need to collate data on the past occurrences and abundance of birds within the region. Here we present data on the presence of bird species within 21 Norwegian Medieval (1030–1537 CE) assemblages. Despite climatic fluctuations and the rise of urban centres, our re-examination and compilation of bird bone assemblages from Medieval Norway found no evidence to suggest that the Medieval bird fauna differed from the modern one. The most common birds in Medieval assemblages are Galliformes. In urban sites these are mostly domestic fowl, whereas on rural sites wild species are dominant. Our data indicates an introduction of domestic fowl in the early Medieval period and a slightly delayed introduction of domestic geese, with both species becoming more abundant during the mid to late Medieval period. This appears to be later than other Scandinavian countries. Interestingly, species that are now ubiquitous in urban areas, such as pigeons, corvids and gulls are mostly absent from Medieval urban centres. In addition, we found a bias towards the use of female Accipiter gentilis in falconry, while Falco species may have been exported. This is the first time that data on past avian occurrences for any period are reviewed and collated for Norway. In addition, our work highlights the importance of birds and bird exploitation in Medieval Norway.
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中世纪挪威的鸟类
尽管人们对斯堪的纳维亚半岛的现代鸟类分布进行了很好的研究,但过去的事件和过程如何塑造了该地区的现代鸟类群落,人们仍然知之甚少。这主要是由于冰川后鸟类组合的研究大多是从考古角度进行的,并且是基于特定地点的。因此,为了了解斯堪的纳维亚地区鸟类物种的历史,显然需要整理该地区过去鸟类的数量和数量的数据。在这里,我们提供了21个挪威中世纪(公元1030-1537年)组合中鸟类物种的存在数据。尽管气候波动和城市中心的兴起,我们对中世纪挪威鸟类骨骼组合的重新检查和汇编发现,没有证据表明中世纪的鸟类动物群与现代的不同。在中世纪的鸟群中,最常见的鸟是加利formes。在城市地点,这些大多是家禽,而在农村地点,野生物种占主导地位。我们的数据表明,中世纪早期引入了家禽,而家鹅的引入略有延迟,这两个物种在中世纪中后期变得更加丰富。这似乎比其他斯堪的纳维亚国家要晚。有趣的是,现在在城市地区普遍存在的物种,如鸽子、鸦科动物和海鸥,在中世纪的城市中心几乎没有。此外,我们发现在猎鹰狩猎中倾向于使用雌性雌鹰,而Falco物种可能已经出口。这是第一次审查和整理挪威过去任何时期的禽流感发生数据。此外,我们的工作强调了鸟类和鸟类开发在中世纪挪威的重要性。
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来源期刊
Open Quaternary
Open Quaternary Social Sciences-Archeology
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10
审稿时长
19 weeks
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