Prevalence of silent coronary artery disease among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Suleimani, Iraq

Abstract

Objective: To study the prevalence of silent coronary artery disease among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and associated variables. Methods: A cross sectional multi-center design study in the Sulaymaniyah city. The data collected from patients admitted to medical wards of Shar teaching Hospital, Shahid Hemn teaching Hospital and Faruq medical city.  It was conducted during the period of 10 months starting from April, 2017 to Jan, 2018. All patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without symptoms of coronary heart disease were included. Symptoms were evaluated by history, physical examination including blood pressure measurement and searching for other risk factors. The patients were investigated for HbA1c, Lipid profile, resting Electrocardiography (ECG), Echocardiography, Exercise Treadmill test, and CT coronary angiography. Results: A total of 106 patients, 55 male (51.9%) and 51 female (48.1%) were enrolled in this study, the mean age of the patients was (58.50yr ± 10.94), Nine(8.4%) patients had ischemic change by resting ECG, 10 (9.4%) had ischemic change by Echocardiography, Exercise treadmill test (ETT) was done for 20 patients and revealed positivity for ischemia in only 3(15%) patients, CT coronary angiography was done for three patients and were conclusive for CAD. Conclusion: Silent coronary artery disease is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, therefore patients with DM should be carefully evaluated to detect early cardiovascular adverse effect to avoid fatal consequences.