Chronic pain in small animals: how to create a pain management plan

Abstract

Chronic pain impairs the quality of life of pets. Although the exact prevalence is unknown, recognition of chronic painful conditions has increased in the last few decades. Osteoarthritis may affect up to 20% of the canine adult population, although sources put this figure higher, at up to 40%. Chronic pain has a complex pathophysiology and a variety of presentations. The assessment can be challenging, as there may be several pathophysiological mechanisms underlying one disease. This clinical review gives an overview of chronic pain and demonstrates how to approach two case examples using the diagnostic tools available and illustrating the treatment options.