Olfactory Dysfunction in Covid-19 Patients, The Current Evidence and Literature Review

Abstract

Background: Osteoma, fibrous, dysplasia and ossifying fibroma are fibro-osseus lesions that can occur in the paranasal sinuses, management of these lesions can be technically challenging due to proximity to the orbit and skull base, with the advancement in endoscopic endonasal surgery and development of technologies such as image guidance can improve the safety of endoscopic removal and improve its safety. Illustrative cases : Three cases of fibro-ossuoes lesions are presented in this study an adult female with left frontoethmoidal osteoma, an adult male with left ethmoid fibrous dysplasia, both of whom have been treated with pure endonasal endoscopic approach with image guidance, the third case is a male child with juvenile ossifying fibroma, he was treated initially with the endoscopic approach with image guidance, but had a skull base recurrence 6 months later which was removed with an open craniotomy approach. Conclusion: Image guidance is a valuable tool in improving safety and efficiency of endoscopic sinus surgery particularly in challenging cases such as fibro-osseus lesions with proximity to the skull base and orbit.