The Reformation and the Idea of the North

P. Marshall
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Both scholarly and popular perceptions have identified a profound cultural and political realignment of Europe with the Reformation of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a largely Protestant North confronting a predominantly Catholic South. This replaced a medieval conceptual geography of East-West, in which the North (on the basis of scriptural passages) was a zone of sinfulness and danger. This chapter argues that the emergence of a North-South cultural-religious dichotomy was more fraught and uncertain than often supposed. Late medieval North European humanists countered negative perceptions with patriotic accounts of national origins. In the era of the Counter-Reformation, British and Scandinavian Catholic exiles emphasised the intrinsic virtue and orthodoxy of northerners, and the potential for reclaiming their homelands from heresy. Protestants were often ambivalent about the North, not least since northern parts of England, Scotland, Ireland and Denmark-Norway were often associated with Catholic resistance, as well as with magic and superstition. The propaganda of the British Civil Wars reinforced both positive and negative stereotypes. While a cultural association of Protestantism with the North eventually took root, this was a contingent process, and should be seen more as a consequence than a cause of the stabilization of Europe’s confessional borders.
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宗教改革与北方思想
学术界和大众都认为,随着16世纪和17世纪的宗教改革,欧洲发生了深刻的文化和政治重组:一个以新教为主的北方面对一个以天主教为主的南方。这取代了中世纪的东西地理概念,其中北方(根据圣经段落)是罪恶和危险的区域。本章认为,南北文化-宗教二分法的出现比通常认为的更加令人担忧和不确定。中世纪晚期的北欧人文主义者用对民族起源的爱国主义描述来反驳负面看法。在反宗教改革时期,英国和斯堪的纳维亚的天主教流亡者强调北方人的内在美德和正统,以及从异端中夺回家园的潜力。新教徒对北方的态度往往是矛盾的,尤其是因为英格兰、苏格兰、爱尔兰和丹麦-挪威的北部地区经常与天主教抵抗、魔法和迷信联系在一起。英国内战的宣传强化了正面和负面的刻板印象。虽然新教与北方的文化联系最终生根发芽,但这是一个偶然的过程,更应该被视为欧洲忏悔边界稳定的结果,而不是原因。
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0.00%
发文量
21
审稿时长
10 weeks
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