LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE NEWLY PROPOSED MIDDLE CRETACEOUS “BIBAI GROUP”, WESTERN SULAIMAN FOLD-THRUST BELT, PAKISTAN

Kifayat Ullah Shah, Akhtar Muhammad Kassi, Aimal Khan Kasi
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Abstract

The newly proposed Middle Cretaceous “Bibai Group”, named after the Bibai peak, is exposed in Kach-Ziarat, Spera Ragha-Chingun areas of the Western Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt, Pakistan. It comprises thick succession of the mafic volcanic rocks, volcanic conglomerate, mudstone and sandstone. The stratigraphic nomenclature proposed by previous workers was not clear enough, as they used different names for the succession, such as “Kahan Conglomerate Member” of the Mughal Kot Formation, “Parh-related volcanics” by considering it as part of the “Parh Group, “Bibai Formation” and “Bela Volcanic Group”, which were confusing and misleading. Also previous workers did not realize that the succession may be further classified into distinct mappable lithostratigraphic units and deserved the status of a “Group”. Therefore, we carefully examined and mapped the area and hereby propose the name “Bibai Group” for the overall volcanic and volcaniclastic succession of the Middle Cretaceous age. Based on distinct lithostratigraphic characters we further subdivided the “Group” into two lithostratigraphic units of formation rank, for which we propose the names “Chinjun Volcanics” and “Bibai Formation”. Also based on distinct lithostratigraphic characters we further propose to subdivide our “Babai Formation” into three lithostratigraphic units of member rank, which we named as the “Kahan Conglomerate Member”, “Ahmadun Member” and “Kach Mudstone Member”. In this paper we have defined and briefly described the Bibai Group, its constituent formations and their members. Also we examined and discussed the validity and status of the proposed subdivisions; e.g. formations and members, of the Bibai Group, and are fully satisfied that the proposed subdivisions are appropriate and comply with the Article 24 and 25 of the North American Stratigraphic Codes (2005) and that the previous nomenclatures are inconsistent, confusing and do not comply with the International Stratigraphic Codes.
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巴基斯坦苏莱曼褶皱冲断带西部新发现的中白垩统“bibai群”岩石地层学
在巴基斯坦西苏莱曼褶皱冲断带的Kach-Ziarat、Spera Ragha-Chingun地区,新发现了以Bibai峰命名的中白垩统“Bibai群”。由基性火山岩、火山砾岩、泥岩、砂岩等厚层序组成。前人提出的地层学命名不够明确,对其演替使用了不同的名称,如莫兀儿Kot组的“Kahan砾岩成员”,将其视为“Parh群”、“Bibai组”和“Bela火山群”的一部分而称为“Parh相关火山岩”,容易造成混淆和误导。前人也没有认识到,该演替可以进一步划分为不同的可测岩性地层单元,应被称为“群”。因此,我们对该地区进行了仔细的考察和测绘,并建议将整个中白垩世火山和火山碎屑演替命名为“毕柏群”。根据不同的岩石地层特征,将“群”进一步划分为两个岩层地层单元,分别命名为“秦军火山岩组”和“碧白组”。根据不同的岩石地层特征,进一步提出将“八白组”划分为3个岩段级别的岩石地层单元,分别命名为“Kahan砾岩段”、“Ahmadun段”和“Kach泥岩段”。本文对碧白集团、碧白集团的组成和成员进行了界定和简要描述。我们还审查和讨论了拟议细分的有效性和地位;例如,Bibai群的地层和成员,并完全满意拟议的细分是适当的,符合北美地层学法典(2005)第24条和第25条,而以前的命名不一致,令人困惑,不符合国际地层学法典。
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