Determination of Quinolones in Human Urine and Water Samples by Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Droplet Followed High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Quinolones (QNs) are the most important class of synthetic antibiotics in human and veterinary medicines. They are effective to control a wide range of bacteria, both gram positive and negative as well as other bacteria and often used in the treatment of a range of illnesses. Due to the fact that its resistance in the environment can cause undesirable effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health, QNs have obtained growing attention [1,2]. Therefore, the analysis of the occurrence, distribution and risks of quinolone antibiotics became crucial to environment monitoring.