Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of COVID-19 Patients Between the 4^th and 5^th Wave in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI:10.29271/jcpsp.2023.08.857

Jamal Azfar Khan, Muhammad Irfan Khattak, Muhammad Luqman Satti, Mahwash Bazanjo, Nadia Aziz Ather, Rabia Abbas

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the clinical parameters of 4th and 5th COVID waves in Karachi, Pakistan.

Study design: Descriptive study. Place and Duration of the Study: PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi, from July 2021 to February 2022.

Methodology: All patients with COVID-19 in PNS Shifa Hospital were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups, those who had COVID-19 during the 4th wave, and others who had it during the 5th wave. The patients' demographic details, comorbidities, vaccination status, initial presentation, the severity of disease, clinical progress, and final disposal from the hospital were noted. A comparison of severity, length of hospital stays, and mortality was made between the groups.

Results: There were 747 patients admitted during the Delta variant-dominated 4th wave of COVID-19, and 490 patients during the 5th wave, dominated by the Omicron variant. A vast majority of fifth-wave patients had the mild disease (87.35% vs. 49.39%), with significantly lower critical patients (2.04% vs. 7.09%). Vaccination was effective against both the Delta and the Omicron variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The mean length of stay in the hospital for patients was significantly lesser (p < 0.001) during the 5th wave as compared to the 4th wave (6.43 ± 3.37 vs. 9.56 ± 5.45 days). The mortality rate was 7.09% among patients admitted in the 4th wave and 2.04% in the 5th wave. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The severity of disease, length of hospital stays, and mortality were higher in the Delta variant-dominated 4th wave of COVID-19 as compared to the Omicron variant-dominated 5th wave in Pakistan. The vaccination was effective against both the Delta and the Omicron variant of COVID 19, as the mortality rate among the vaccinated patients during the two waves was not significantly different.

Key words: COVID 19, Vaccination, Disease outcome, Mortality.

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巴基斯坦卡拉奇某三级医院第四、第五波COVID-19患者临床特征及转归比较

摘要目的:比较巴基斯坦卡拉奇市第四波和第五波新冠肺炎疫情的临床参数。研究设计:描述性研究。研究地点和时间:卡拉奇PNS Shifa医院，2021年7月至2022年2月。方法:纳入PNS Shifa医院的所有COVID-19患者。这些患者被分为两组，一组是在第四波感染COVID-19的患者，另一组是在第五波感染COVID-19的患者。记录了患者的人口统计细节、合并症、疫苗接种状况、最初表现、疾病严重程度、临床进展和最终出院情况。对两组患者的严重程度、住院时间和死亡率进行比较。结果:以Delta变异为主的第四波COVID-19住院患者747例，以Omicron变异为主的第五波住院患者490例。绝大多数第五波患者为轻症(87.35% vs. 49.39%)，危重症患者明显较轻(2.04% vs. 7.09%)。疫苗接种对SARS-CoV-2的Delta和Omicron变体都有效。与第4波相比，第5波患者的平均住院时间显著缩短(6.43±3.37天vs. 9.56±5.45天)(p < 0.001)。第四次住院患者死亡率为7.09%，第五次住院患者死亡率为2.04%。差异有统计学意义(p < 0.001)。结论:与巴基斯坦以Omicron变异为主导的第5波相比，以Delta变异为主导的第4波COVID-19的疾病严重程度、住院时间和死亡率更高。疫苗接种对Delta和Omicron变体COVID - 19都有效，因为接种疫苗的患者在两波期间的死亡率没有显着差异。关键词:COVID - 19;疫苗接种;疾病转归;

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