Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116554
Yasemin Çakır Kıymaz , Mahmut Özbey
Tularemia is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Francisella tularensis. The main reservoir for F. tularensis is lagomorphs, rodents, arthropods, and the hydrotelluric environment. It also can be transmitted by infected animals or by drinking contaminated water. Pulmonary tularemia is a rare form of tularemia mostly transmitted by inhalation. In this report, we present a 51-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with fever, cough, sputum, and chest pain. Biopsy of the lesion compatible with mass on chest radiography revealed granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis of pulmonary tularemia was made based on a history of rodent contact and tularemia microagglutination test (MAT): 1/1280.
{"title":"A Case of Pulmonary Tularemia Mimicking Lung Cancer","authors":"Yasemin Çakır Kıymaz , Mahmut Özbey","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tularemia is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by <em>Francisella tularensis.</em> The main reservoir for <em>F. tularensis</em> is lagomorphs, rodents, arthropods, and the hydrotelluric environment. It also can be transmitted by infected animals or by drinking contaminated water. Pulmonary tularemia is a rare form of tularemia mostly transmitted by inhalation. In this report, we present a 51-year-old male patient who was admitted to the hospital with fever, cough, sputum, and chest pain. Biopsy of the lesion compatible with mass on chest radiography revealed granulomatous inflammation. The diagnosis of pulmonary tularemia was made based on a history of rodent contact and tularemia microagglutination test (MAT): 1/1280.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116555
Asal Safi-Samghabadi , Seyed-Mohammad Atyabi , Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi , Zahra Salehi , Ali Eslamifar , Fatemehsadat Jamzivar , Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
The emergence of high-resistance strains to known antifungal drugs has highlighted the urgency of developing novel therapies for chronic dermatophytosis as a global health problem. An experimental dermatophytosis model in guinea pigs was developed to investigate the in vivo wound healing effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on T. rubrum skin invasion. Guinea pigs were experimentally infected with T. rubrum and wound healing was evaluated at 1, 4, 8 and 12 days post infection in the CAP-treated, terbinafine-treated and non-treated controls. Our results showed that CAP strongly inhibited the fungal virulence in vitro in culture media and in vivo on the skin lesions of experimentally infected guinea pigs even more efficient than that of terbinafine, resulting in complete wound healing at 8 days post infection. These results indicate that CAP would be considered as a promising tool comparable to conventional chemical therapies, for the treatment of drug-resistant chronic dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum.
{"title":"Cold atmospheric plasma as a promising tool in treatment of Trichophyton rubrum-induced skin infection in a guinea pig model of experimental dermatophytosis","authors":"Asal Safi-Samghabadi , Seyed-Mohammad Atyabi , Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi , Zahra Salehi , Ali Eslamifar , Fatemehsadat Jamzivar , Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of high-resistance strains to known antifungal drugs has highlighted the urgency of developing novel therapies for chronic dermatophytosis as a global health problem. An experimental dermatophytosis model in guinea pigs was developed to investigate the <em>in vivo</em> wound healing effects of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on <em>T. rubrum</em> skin invasion. Guinea pigs were experimentally infected with <em>T. rubrum</em> and wound healing was evaluated at 1, 4, 8 and 12 days post infection in the CAP-treated, terbinafine-treated and non-treated controls. Our results showed that CAP strongly inhibited the fungal virulence <em>in vitro</em> in culture media and <em>in vivo</em> on the skin lesions of experimentally infected guinea pigs even more efficient than that of terbinafine, resulting in complete wound healing at 8 days post infection. These results indicate that CAP would be considered as a promising tool comparable to conventional chemical therapies, for the treatment of drug-resistant chronic dermatophytosis caused by <em>T. rubrum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116556
Isabelle R. Michel , Débora Kulek , Lavinia N.V.S. Arend , Marcelo Pillonetto , Theo H.M. Smits , Fabio Rezzonico
The genus Phytobacter (fam. Enterobacteriaceae) includes species like Phytobacter diazotrophicus and Phytobacter ursingii, which have emerged as opportunistic human pathogens, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as pre-term infants and immunocompromised patients. Traditional biochemical and molecular methods have struggled to accurately identify Phytobacter species in clinical diagnostics. This study addresses the issue by developing and validating two quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using SYBR® Green I and TaqMan® technologies, targeting the nitrogen fixation regulatory gene (nifL) of Phytobacter spp. The SYBR® Green I assay showed a detection limit of a single cell per reaction, while the TaqMan® assay was easier to interpret due to the absence of background noise. These assays, validated with clinical isolates from Brazil, identified multiple new Phytobacter isolates, including a potentially novel species, providing improved diagnostic tools for detecting Phytobacter spp. and aiding in better clinical management.
植物分枝杆菌属（肠杆菌科）包括重氮植物分枝杆菌和ursingii 植物分枝杆菌等物种，它们已成为机会性人类病原体，尤其影响早产儿和免疫力低下患者等易感人群。传统的生化和分子方法一直难以在临床诊断中准确识别植物细菌的种类。本研究针对这一问题，使用 SYBR® Green I 和 TaqMan® 技术开发并验证了两种定量 PCR (qPCR) 检测方法，这两种检测方法针对的是植物杆菌属的固氮调节基因 (nifL)。这些检测方法通过对巴西的临床分离物进行验证，确定了多个新的植物杆菌分离物，包括一个潜在的新物种，为检测植物杆菌属提供了更好的诊断工具，有助于更好地进行临床管理。
{"title":"Development of two quantitative PCR assays for the detection of emerging opportunistic human pathogens belonging to the genus Phytobacter in routine diagnostics","authors":"Isabelle R. Michel , Débora Kulek , Lavinia N.V.S. Arend , Marcelo Pillonetto , Theo H.M. Smits , Fabio Rezzonico","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Phytobacter</em> (fam. Enterobacteriaceae) includes species like <em>Phytobacter diazotrophicus</em> and <em>Phytobacter ursingii</em>, which have emerged as opportunistic human pathogens, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as pre-term infants and immunocompromised patients. Traditional biochemical and molecular methods have struggled to accurately identify <em>Phytobacter</em> species in clinical diagnostics. This study addresses the issue by developing and validating two quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using SYBR® Green I and TaqMan® technologies, targeting the nitrogen fixation regulatory gene (<em>nifL</em>) of <em>Phytobacter</em> spp. The SYBR® Green I assay showed a detection limit of a single cell per reaction, while the TaqMan® assay was easier to interpret due to the absence of background noise. These assays, validated with clinical isolates from Brazil, identified multiple new <em>Phytobacter</em> isolates, including a potentially novel species, providing improved diagnostic tools for detecting <em>Phytobacter</em> spp. and aiding in better clinical management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142460496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116552
Shukla Banerjee , Mithun H. K , K Sudhakara Prasad , Rajesh P Shastry
Neonatal sepsis is a significant problem in developing nations, but current gold-standard diagnostic methods, such as blood culture, is slow and time-consuming. Here, we describe the development of a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that targets the wabG gene in the lipopolysaccharide region of K. pneumoniae, offering a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 CFU/ml with specificity for K. pneumoniae compared to other non-Klebsiella strains. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were found to be 90 % and 100 %, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 100 % and a negative predictive value of 96.47 %. The LAMP assay demonstrated a significantly shorter turnaround time of 1 h. The LAMP assay was found to be simpler, quicker, and more sensitive than traditional detection techniques such as PCR and blood culture.
{"title":"Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of the wabG gene based Klebsiella pneumoniae detection by loop-mediated isothermal reaction in neonatal blood sample","authors":"Shukla Banerjee , Mithun H. K , K Sudhakara Prasad , Rajesh P Shastry","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonatal sepsis is a significant problem in developing nations, but current gold-standard diagnostic methods, such as blood culture, is slow and time-consuming. Here, we describe the development of a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay that targets the <em>wabG</em> gene in the lipopolysaccharide region of <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, offering a limit of detection (LOD) of 40 CFU/ml with specificity for <em>K. pneumoniae</em> compared to other non-<em>Klebsiella</em> strains. The sensitivity and specificity of the LAMP assay were found to be 90 % and 100 %, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 100 % and a negative predictive value of 96.47 %. The LAMP assay demonstrated a significantly shorter turnaround time of 1 h. The LAMP assay was found to be simpler, quicker, and more sensitive than traditional detection techniques such as PCR and blood culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116551
Alice Palmeira Nascimento Cerqueira , Ariana Leal Borges da Cruz , Matheus Nascimento Moura , Leon Fernandes Cariús , Carolina Souza Santana , Felipe Oliveira Andrade , Luiz Guilherme Alves Pinheiro Faria , Saadia Oliveira Ribeiro , Fernanda Khouri Barreto , Davi Tanajura Costa
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of several pathologies, and some of them are not investigated, resulting in a lack of literature that impacts the correct diagnosis. Skin manifestations, such as HTLV-1-associated infectious dermatitis (IDH), are common in patients living with HTLV-1 but could not be the only one. Here, we report for the first time a patient infected with HTLV-1, without previous diagnosis of HTLV-1-related diseases, presenting erythema nodosum (EN). Given the patient's long-term asymptomatic carrier status, the emergence of EN underscores the importance of considering HTLV-1 in the differential diagnosis when encountering EN, especially in endemic regions.
{"title":"Erythema nodosum as an atypical dermatological manifestation of HTLV-1 infection: A case report and literature review","authors":"Alice Palmeira Nascimento Cerqueira , Ariana Leal Borges da Cruz , Matheus Nascimento Moura , Leon Fernandes Cariús , Carolina Souza Santana , Felipe Oliveira Andrade , Luiz Guilherme Alves Pinheiro Faria , Saadia Oliveira Ribeiro , Fernanda Khouri Barreto , Davi Tanajura Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of several pathologies, and some of them are not investigated, resulting in a lack of literature that impacts the correct diagnosis. Skin manifestations, such as HTLV-1-associated infectious dermatitis (IDH), are common in patients living with HTLV-1 but could not be the only one. Here, we report for the first time a patient infected with HTLV-1, without previous diagnosis of HTLV-1-related diseases, presenting erythema nodosum (EN). Given the patient's long-term asymptomatic carrier status, the emergence of EN underscores the importance of considering HTLV-1 in the differential diagnosis when encountering EN, especially in endemic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116551"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giardia duodenalis is a common cause of diarrheal illness in regions with limited resources. The demand for rapid and cost-effective detection and genotyping methods in large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics is imperative. Hence, we developed a multiplex PCR-RFLP technique targeting the tpi gene of G. duodenalis. The assay successfully screened G. duodenalis positive clinical samples (6.33 %; 36/565). It was also able to categorize the isolates into assemblages A (41.66 %; 13/36) and B (58.33 %; 23/36), as well as into subassemblages: AI (13.8 %; 5/36), AII (27.77 %; 10/36), BIII (36.11 %; 15/36) and BIV (22.22 %; 8/36). High diagnostic sensitivity (94.2 %), specificity (100 %) and accuracy (97.1 %) of the PCR assay were obtained, indicating its reliability for diagnosing giardiasis. Notably, the assay demonstrated close concordance with microscopy (κ=0.85) and reference PCR (κ=0.98) results. The optimized method offers a cost-effective and rapid approach for G. duodenalis detection and genotyping, convenient for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics.
在资源有限的地区，十二指肠贾第虫是腹泻病的常见病因。在大规模流行病学研究和临床诊断中，对快速、经济有效的检测和基因分型方法的需求势在必行。因此，我们开发了一种针对十二指肠杆菌 tpi 基因的多重 PCR-RFLP 技术。该检测方法成功筛查了十二指肠杆菌阳性临床样本（6.33%；36/565）。它还能将分离物分为 A 组合（41.66%；13/36）和 B 组合（58.33%；23/36），以及亚组合：AI（13.8%；5/36）、AII（27.77%；10/36）、BIII（36.11%；15/36）和 BIV（22.22%；8/36）。PCR 检测法的诊断灵敏度（94.2%）、特异度（100%）和准确度（97.1%）都很高，这表明它在诊断贾第虫病方面非常可靠。值得注意的是，该检测方法与显微镜检测（κ=0.85）和参考 PCR 检测（κ=0.98）结果非常吻合。优化后的方法为十二指肠杆菌的检测和基因分型提供了一种经济、快速的方法，为流行病学研究和临床诊断提供了便利。
{"title":"A rapid economical multiplex PCR-RFLP method for molecular detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis clinical isolates","authors":"Ajanta Ghosal , Sanjib K. Sardar , Tapas Haldar , Akash Prasad , Koushik Das , Seiki Kobayashi , Yumiko Saito-Nakano , Shanta Dutta , Tomoyoshi Nozaki , Sandipan Ganguly","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Giardia duodenalis</em> is a common cause of diarrheal illness in regions with limited resources. The demand for rapid and cost-effective detection and genotyping methods in large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics is imperative. Hence, we developed a multiplex PCR-RFLP technique targeting the <em>tpi</em> gene of <em>G. duodenalis.</em> The assay successfully screened <em>G. duodenalis</em> positive clinical samples (6.33 %; 36/565). It was also able to categorize the isolates into assemblages A (41.66 %; 13/36) and B (58.33 %; 23/36), as well as into subassemblages: AI (13.8 %; 5/36), AII (27.77 %; 10/36), BIII (36.11 %; 15/36) and BIV (22.22 %; 8/36). High diagnostic sensitivity (94.2 %), specificity (100 %) and accuracy (97.1 %) of the PCR assay were obtained, indicating its reliability for diagnosing giardiasis. Notably, the assay demonstrated close concordance with microscopy (κ=0.85) and reference PCR (κ=0.98) results. The optimized method offers a cost-effective and rapid approach for <em>G. duodenalis</em> detection and genotyping, convenient for epidemiological studies and clinical diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116548"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142396921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The role of Aeromonas spp. in gastroenteritis is controversial due to varied clinical presentations and variable prevalence in asymptomatic. This study, conducted in Northern Israel, aimed to compare positivity rate and demographic characteristics of patients with Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis (AAG) to asymptomatic, and examine the role of Aeromonas in AAG by comparing clinical and epidemiological characteristics between AAG and Campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis (CAG) patients.
Results showed that 4.24%-4.81% of AAG patients had Aeromonas spp. in stools as a sole pathogen in 2020-2022, compared to 4.9% of asymptomatic. Analysis of 243 CAG patients versus 70 AAG patients revealed significantly less diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and muscle pain in AAG patients. Multivariate analysis identified higher Ct values, recent restaurant dining, and prolonged diarrhea as predictive factors for AAG versus CAG.
In conclusion, similar positivity rates of Aeromonas spp. in symptomatic and asymptomatic making the distinction between true pathogen versus commensal bacteria difficult, unlike CAG.
{"title":"Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis in Northern Israel: Insights and implications for public health","authors":"Dana Sagas , Amos Adler , Merav Strauss , Carmel Kasher , Khozayma Khamaysi , Bibiana Chazan","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. in gastroenteritis is controversial due to varied clinical presentations and variable prevalence in asymptomatic. This study, conducted in Northern Israel, aimed to compare positivity rate and demographic characteristics of patients with <em>Aeromonas</em>-associated gastroenteritis (AAG) to asymptomatic, and examine the role of <em>Aeromonas</em> in AAG by comparing clinical and epidemiological characteristics between AAG and <em>Campylobacter</em>-associated gastroenteritis (CAG) patients.</div><div>Results showed that 4.24%-4.81% of AAG patients had <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. in stools as a sole pathogen in 2020-2022, compared to 4.9% of asymptomatic. Analysis of 243 CAG patients versus 70 AAG patients revealed significantly less diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, and muscle pain in AAG patients. Multivariate analysis identified higher Ct values, recent restaurant dining, and prolonged diarrhea as predictive factors for AAG versus CAG.</div><div>In conclusion, similar positivity rates of <em>Aeromonas</em> spp. in symptomatic and asymptomatic making the distinction between true pathogen versus commensal bacteria difficult, unlike CAG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116547
Ece Simsek , Kubra Yildirim , Cemilenur Atas , Ahmet Yilmaz Coban
In this study, we developed a modified NRA (MONRA) to determine the first and second-line drug susceptibilities of 5 reference ATCC strains and 42 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. Unlike conventional NRA, which is often performed in solid media or 7H9 broth, the MONRA is performed in a different medium, AYC.2.1 broth, using lyophilized antibiotic tubes to determine drug susceptibility. The MONRA results were compared with BACTEC MGIT 960 method as the reference method for first-line drugs and conventional NRA performed in 7H9 broth for second-line drugs. The agreement between the MONRA and the reference method was determined as 97.62, 100, 97.62, and 100 % for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. When the results were compared with convantional NRA, the agreement was determined as 100 % for all second-line antibiotics including levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and kanamycin. MONRA has the potential to eliminate challenges in implementing drug susceptibility testing in resource-limited settings.
{"title":"A rapid and simple modified nitrate reductase assay for testing first and second-line antituberculosis drug susceptibilities in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates","authors":"Ece Simsek , Kubra Yildirim , Cemilenur Atas , Ahmet Yilmaz Coban","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we developed a modified NRA (MONRA) to determine the first and second-line drug susceptibilities of 5 reference ATCC strains and 42 clinical <em>M. tuberculosis</em> isolates. Unlike conventional NRA, which is often performed in solid media or 7H9 broth, the MONRA is performed in a different medium, AYC.2.1 broth, using lyophilized antibiotic tubes to determine drug susceptibility. The MONRA results were compared with BACTEC MGIT 960 method as the reference method for first-line drugs and conventional NRA performed in 7H9 broth for second-line drugs. The agreement between the MONRA and the reference method was determined as 97.62, 100, 97.62, and 100 % for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. When the results were compared with convantional NRA, the agreement was determined as 100 % for all second-line antibiotics including levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and kanamycin. MONRA has the potential to eliminate challenges in implementing drug susceptibility testing in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116547"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116544
Nadira Yasmin , Juliana M. Ruzante , James A Barkley , Ross M. Maltz , Barbara Kowalcyk
Acute gastrointestinal infections (AGIs) and diarrheal disease disproportionately impact children. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients who had stool samples tested using the BIOFIRE® FILMARRAY® Gastrointestinal Panel at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio from January 2016 to December 2020. Detection rates were estimated by pathogen. Poisson and logistic regression were used to assess trends and identify risk factors for detection. A total of 12,783 patients had 17,611 stool samples tested during the study period. Nearly half of stool samples (47.3 %) tested positive for at least one pathogen. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile, and norovirus were the most commonly detected. Overall annual detection rates for most pathogens increased from 2016 to 2019 and declined in 2020. This paper presents an analysis of five years of data that characterizes detection, hospitalizations, and deaths of children tested for AGI pathogens by sociodemographics.
{"title":"Detection of gastrointestinal pathogens in stool samples using a rapid multiplex PCR test at a large tertiary pediatric hospital","authors":"Nadira Yasmin , Juliana M. Ruzante , James A Barkley , Ross M. Maltz , Barbara Kowalcyk","doi":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute gastrointestinal infections (AGIs) and diarrheal disease disproportionately impact children. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric patients who had stool samples tested using the BIOFIRE® FILMARRAY® Gastrointestinal Panel at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus, Ohio from January 2016 to December 2020. Detection rates were estimated by pathogen. Poisson and logistic regression were used to assess trends and identify risk factors for detection. A total of 12,783 patients had 17,611 stool samples tested during the study period. Nearly half of stool samples (47.3 %) tested positive for at least one pathogen. Enteropathogenic <em>Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile</em>, and norovirus were the most commonly detected. Overall annual detection rates for most pathogens increased from 2016 to 2019 and declined in 2020. This paper presents an analysis of five years of data that characterizes detection, hospitalizations, and deaths of children tested for AGI pathogens by sociodemographics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11329,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease","volume":"110 4","pages":"Article 116544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116546
Maohua Chen , Chengjie Ke , Yaping Huang
Purpose
Large real-world studies evaluating the association between abrocitinib and herpes virus reactivation are lacking. This objective of investigation was to delineate the characteristics of abrocitinib-associated herpes virus reactivation through the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.
Results
Total of 56 reports were distinctly associated with herpes virus reactivation, with serious adverse events accounting for 67.86 %. Several noteworthy findings emerged: (1) female is associated with relatively high risk of herpes virus reactivation. (2) The proportion of herpes virus reactivation cases reported from the United States has decreased significantly compared to the overall reports. (3) The inclusion of dupilumab in combination regimens appeared to be associated with a comparatively reduced risk of herpes virus reactivation, while the risk of regimens containing baricitinib was increased.
Conclusion
These findings will help us to identify risk factors for herpes virus activation in atopic dermatitis patients, and facilitate the implementation of targeted measures to prevent and mitigate herpes virus activation.
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