Community-based tourism (CBT) has often been viewed as a community development tool for alleviating poverty and improving community lifestyle standards. The mention of community-based tourism was seen in the 1970s and started to get attention in the 1990s. In community-based tourism, the locals have full authority and ownership of tourism businesses, ensuring that tourism's financial benefit stays in the local economy. Community-based tourism is associated with other forms, such as pro-poor, sustainable, alternative, and rural tourism. This paper presents an overview of community-based tourism with the help of a rigorous search of secondary information. The findings of this study include the concept of CBT, factors facilitating CBT, challenges of CBT development, and the role of CBT in the development of the local community. This paper expounds that the development of community-based tourism has a massive contribution to local employment creation, increase in local income, improved knowledge and skill of locals, and increase the local standard of living. Keywords: Community based tourism, CBT, Factors facilitating CBT, Challenges of CBT, Community participation, Empowerment DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"Community-Based Tourism (CBT): A Community Development Tool","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-01","url":null,"abstract":"Community-based tourism (CBT) has often been viewed as a community development tool for alleviating poverty and improving community lifestyle standards. The mention of community-based tourism was seen in the 1970s and started to get attention in the 1990s. In community-based tourism, the locals have full authority and ownership of tourism businesses, ensuring that tourism's financial benefit stays in the local economy. Community-based tourism is associated with other forms, such as pro-poor, sustainable, alternative, and rural tourism. This paper presents an overview of community-based tourism with the help of a rigorous search of secondary information. The findings of this study include the concept of CBT, factors facilitating CBT, challenges of CBT development, and the role of CBT in the development of the local community. This paper expounds that the development of community-based tourism has a massive contribution to local employment creation, increase in local income, improved knowledge and skill of locals, and increase the local standard of living. Keywords: Community based tourism, CBT, Factors facilitating CBT, Challenges of CBT, Community participation, Empowerment DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism is a significant aspect of the world economy, and is heavily influenced by climatic conditions, economic activities, human behavior, and seasonal fluctuations. Tourism is considered one of the most significant industries in Malindi Sub-County in Kilifi County. Globalization and liberalization are pushing organizations into steep competition ,requiring high skills and attitudes that employees may not have. Thus, a framework for aiding employees in developing their own organizational and personal skills, knowledge, abilities and attitudes is provided through training and development. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of training and development on corporate performance of touring sub-sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study analyses effect of staff training and staff development has on corporate performance of touring sub-sector. The research anchors on reinforcement theory and social learning theory. This research adopted a descriptive research design as a frame of reference. The overall population composed of employees of touring companies registered with the Tourism Regulatory Authority as at August 2020. The researcher employed survey method. The researcher employed a likert scaled questionnaire with a range of 1 to 5, which was administered to the employees of 8 chosen tour operators companies. The mean, standard deviation, and analyzed data were then displayed in tables, graphs, and charts. The 8 selected touring companies were selected through purposive sampling techniques. To establish validity and reliability of research tool pilot study was carried and reliability of the tool tested using Cronbach alpha, and the all variables achieved a value greater than 0.7. Validity was tested using Human Resource experts and Researcher’s supervisors. Ms Excel and Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) software version 25 was used to analyze collected data. Results showed relationship between corporate performance and Staff development as positive and statistically significant (r = .333; p = .000; N=111). However, Staff training were positively and significantly correlated to overall corporate performance (r = .341; p = .000; N=127).The study concludes that results presented implied that staff training and staff development affect corporate performance since there is some sort of training employees of touring companies received even if there is no specific time for some. The research study recommends that there should be regular and specific time for training. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"Effect of Training and Development on Corporate Performance of Selected Touring Companies in Malindi Sub-County, Kilifi County","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-03","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is a significant aspect of the world economy, and is heavily influenced by climatic conditions, economic activities, human behavior, and seasonal fluctuations. Tourism is considered one of the most significant industries in Malindi Sub-County in Kilifi County. Globalization and liberalization are pushing organizations into steep competition ,requiring high skills and attitudes that employees may not have. Thus, a framework for aiding employees in developing their own organizational and personal skills, knowledge, abilities and attitudes is provided through training and development. The general objective of the study was to examine effect of training and development on corporate performance of touring sub-sector in Kenya. Specifically, the study analyses effect of staff training and staff development has on corporate performance of touring sub-sector. The research anchors on reinforcement theory and social learning theory. This research adopted a descriptive research design as a frame of reference. The overall population composed of employees of touring companies registered with the Tourism Regulatory Authority as at August 2020. The researcher employed survey method. The researcher employed a likert scaled questionnaire with a range of 1 to 5, which was administered to the employees of 8 chosen tour operators companies. The mean, standard deviation, and analyzed data were then displayed in tables, graphs, and charts. The 8 selected touring companies were selected through purposive sampling techniques. To establish validity and reliability of research tool pilot study was carried and reliability of the tool tested using Cronbach alpha, and the all variables achieved a value greater than 0.7. Validity was tested using Human Resource experts and Researcher’s supervisors. Ms Excel and Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS) software version 25 was used to analyze collected data. Results showed relationship between corporate performance and Staff development as positive and statistically significant (r = .333; p = .000; N=111). However, Staff training were positively and significantly correlated to overall corporate performance (r = .341; p = .000; N=127).The study concludes that results presented implied that staff training and staff development affect corporate performance since there is some sort of training employees of touring companies received even if there is no specific time for some. The research study recommends that there should be regular and specific time for training. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-03 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to identify smart banking services represented by (Internet of things, data collection, data analysis, and security) and their impact on the mental image represented by (the cognitive dimension, the emotional dimension, the behavioral dimension) of commercial bank customers in the UAE. A convenience sample consisting of 384 customers of commercial banks in the Emirates was selected, and the descriptive analytical approach was used, and it reached many results, the most important of which was the existence of a statistically significant impact of Banking services represented by (Internet of things, data collection, data analysis and security) depend on the mental image represented combined, which means that bank customers have all and accurate information that contributed to the formation of a positive mental image and raised their confidence and satisfaction with these banks.In light of the results reached, the study recommended working on the development of smart banking services in all its dimensions and interest in providing bank customers in the UAE with more information about the Internet of Things, which contributes to improving the mental image of it, and given the importance of the subject in our current era, the study recommended the need to apply it to sectors other. Keywords: Smart banking services, mental image, bank customers, United Arab Emirate DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-09 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"Smart Banking Services and Their Impact on the Mental Image of Commercial Bank Customers in UAE","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-09","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to identify smart banking services represented by (Internet of things, data collection, data analysis, and security) and their impact on the mental image represented by (the cognitive dimension, the emotional dimension, the behavioral dimension) of commercial bank customers in the UAE. A convenience sample consisting of 384 customers of commercial banks in the Emirates was selected, and the descriptive analytical approach was used, and it reached many results, the most important of which was the existence of a statistically significant impact of Banking services represented by (Internet of things, data collection, data analysis and security) depend on the mental image represented combined, which means that bank customers have all and accurate information that contributed to the formation of a positive mental image and raised their confidence and satisfaction with these banks.In light of the results reached, the study recommended working on the development of smart banking services in all its dimensions and interest in providing bank customers in the UAE with more information about the Internet of Things, which contributes to improving the mental image of it, and given the importance of the subject in our current era, the study recommended the need to apply it to sectors other. Keywords: Smart banking services, mental image, bank customers, United Arab Emirate DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-09 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Critical management studies (CMS) has made great strides towards a better appreciation of the ‘fact’ that in management research and management practice, emphasis has been placed more on organisational performance to the detriment of societal welfare (or expectations). This conceptual paper responds to calls to better integrate CMS and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and provides an integrated critique and expansion of CSR research in developing countries. This conceptual paper uses a CMS lens, in turn, drawing on the CSR literature to integrate, critique and argue for the need for a critical research agenda for CSR in developing countries. The author argues that the contradictions between the normative CSR approach, i.e., to further societal good and the instrumental CSR approach, i.e., to further firm success calls for a critical research agenda for CSR in developing countries that should attempt to recover and re-embed the social into the economic. In other words, the pursuit of both the instrumental CSR approach and the normative CSR approach should find opportunities for the simultaneous advancement of society and firm, i.e., towards a win-win situation. The paper contributes to theoretical development of CSR in the context of developing countries. Keywords : Critical management studies, Corporate social responsibility, Developing countries, Instrumental corporate social responsibility, Normative corporate social responsibility, Business firms DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-11 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"Critical Management Studies and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Synthesised Analysis and a Research Note","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-11","url":null,"abstract":"Critical management studies (CMS) has made great strides towards a better appreciation of the ‘fact’ that in management research and management practice, emphasis has been placed more on organisational performance to the detriment of societal welfare (or expectations). This conceptual paper responds to calls to better integrate CMS and corporate social responsibility (CSR) and provides an integrated critique and expansion of CSR research in developing countries. This conceptual paper uses a CMS lens, in turn, drawing on the CSR literature to integrate, critique and argue for the need for a critical research agenda for CSR in developing countries. The author argues that the contradictions between the normative CSR approach, i.e., to further societal good and the instrumental CSR approach, i.e., to further firm success calls for a critical research agenda for CSR in developing countries that should attempt to recover and re-embed the social into the economic. In other words, the pursuit of both the instrumental CSR approach and the normative CSR approach should find opportunities for the simultaneous advancement of society and firm, i.e., towards a win-win situation. The paper contributes to theoretical development of CSR in the context of developing countries. Keywords : Critical management studies, Corporate social responsibility, Developing countries, Instrumental corporate social responsibility, Normative corporate social responsibility, Business firms DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-11 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak and recovery, as well as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have resulted in several difficulties and risks that affect economies and the businesses functioning within them. Both have fundamentally altered how businesses are run. So far, just a few studies have examined how the conflict between Russia and Ukraine affects both countries, with a particular focus on Russia given the severe international financial sanctions that are now affecting its economy. Thus, this study explored the effect of the short timeframe between COVID-19 recovery and the onset of the Russia-Ukraine war on the financial performance of FTSE 350 service companies. In the study, the financial ratios of the sampled firms were computed for both during COVID-19 recovery (i.e., from the last quarter of 2021 to the end of the 1st quarter of 2022) and during the Russia-Ukraine war (i.e., from the end of the 1st quarter of 2022 to the end of the 1st quarter of 2023). Then, using t-test, the significance level of the differences between these two sets of financial ratios was determined. From the results, it was revealed that the overall performance of the firms improved, with service firms into energy services, real estate, financial services, materials procurement, and staffing/recruitment services being less sensitive to the effect of the Russia-Ukraine war on their financial performance indicators whereas the firms into asset management, investment management, retails, and insurance were more sensitive to the effect of the war as their financial performance were more negatively impacted on by the war. And despite the improved performances of the firms, the differences in their performance compared to the period of COVID-19 recovery were not statistically significant. Hence, the null hypothesis formulated in the study was accepted, implying that there is no significant effect of the short timeframe between the recovery from COVID-19 and the onset of Russia-Ukraine war on the financial performance of FTSE 350 service firms. Keywords: COVID-19 recovery; Russia-Ukraine conflict; Financial performance; FTSE 350 service firms; Financial ratios. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"The Impact of the Short Span between COVID-19 Recovery and the Onset of Russia-Ukraine Conflict on the Financial Performance of FTSE 350 Service Firms","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-02","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak and recovery, as well as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, have resulted in several difficulties and risks that affect economies and the businesses functioning within them. Both have fundamentally altered how businesses are run. So far, just a few studies have examined how the conflict between Russia and Ukraine affects both countries, with a particular focus on Russia given the severe international financial sanctions that are now affecting its economy. Thus, this study explored the effect of the short timeframe between COVID-19 recovery and the onset of the Russia-Ukraine war on the financial performance of FTSE 350 service companies. In the study, the financial ratios of the sampled firms were computed for both during COVID-19 recovery (i.e., from the last quarter of 2021 to the end of the 1st quarter of 2022) and during the Russia-Ukraine war (i.e., from the end of the 1st quarter of 2022 to the end of the 1st quarter of 2023). Then, using t-test, the significance level of the differences between these two sets of financial ratios was determined. From the results, it was revealed that the overall performance of the firms improved, with service firms into energy services, real estate, financial services, materials procurement, and staffing/recruitment services being less sensitive to the effect of the Russia-Ukraine war on their financial performance indicators whereas the firms into asset management, investment management, retails, and insurance were more sensitive to the effect of the war as their financial performance were more negatively impacted on by the war. And despite the improved performances of the firms, the differences in their performance compared to the period of COVID-19 recovery were not statistically significant. Hence, the null hypothesis formulated in the study was accepted, implying that there is no significant effect of the short timeframe between the recovery from COVID-19 and the onset of Russia-Ukraine war on the financial performance of FTSE 350 service firms. Keywords: COVID-19 recovery; Russia-Ukraine conflict; Financial performance; FTSE 350 service firms; Financial ratios. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organizational performance is of great concern for it is the notch to which an enterprise attains its objectives in areas such as profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity levels and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Transformational leadership is about influence and this influence from an organization’s context should yield a positive outcome that enables bridge the gap of housing shelter needs in a country. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of human resource competences on performance of housing cooperative societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research is anchored on the transformational leadership model and contingency theory. The study adopted cross-sectional descriptive research design. The target population of study was 418 housing co-operative societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Data was gathered using structured questionnaire issued to administrative manager or equivalent persons of each housing cooperative society. Data was analysed for both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study established that there is significant relationship between transformational leadership and performance. This implies that an improvement in transformational leadership contributes significantly towards performance of housing cooperative societies in Nairobi City County Kenya. This demonstrates that delegation of work duties, employee promotion on merit basis, reward for good performance and discussion of performance appraisal results are all geared towards enhancing transformational leadership in housing cooperative societies. Organizations should embrace transformational leadership style since it instils innovativeness among employees hence enabling them to operate competitively in the globalized changing business market. Keywords: Transformational leadership; Individual attention; Intellectual stimulation; charismatic influence; Inspirational motivation; performance DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2023
{"title":"Influence of Transformational Leadership on Performance of Housing Cooperative Societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-17-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-17-06","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational performance is of great concern for it is the notch to which an enterprise attains its objectives in areas such as profitability, operational efficiency, liquidity levels and stakeholders’ satisfaction. Transformational leadership is about influence and this influence from an organization’s context should yield a positive outcome that enables bridge the gap of housing shelter needs in a country. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of human resource competences on performance of housing cooperative societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research is anchored on the transformational leadership model and contingency theory. The study adopted cross-sectional descriptive research design. The target population of study was 418 housing co-operative societies in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Data was gathered using structured questionnaire issued to administrative manager or equivalent persons of each housing cooperative society. Data was analysed for both descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using frequency tables and percentages. The study established that there is significant relationship between transformational leadership and performance. This implies that an improvement in transformational leadership contributes significantly towards performance of housing cooperative societies in Nairobi City County Kenya. This demonstrates that delegation of work duties, employee promotion on merit basis, reward for good performance and discussion of performance appraisal results are all geared towards enhancing transformational leadership in housing cooperative societies. Organizations should embrace transformational leadership style since it instils innovativeness among employees hence enabling them to operate competitively in the globalized changing business market. Keywords: Transformational leadership; Individual attention; Intellectual stimulation; charismatic influence; Inspirational motivation; performance DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-17-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136199399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, in the northern Ghana, married women are customarily required to give helping hands to their husbands in farms and other economic activities. The proceeds however belong to the men who have control over the farm income. This study sought to identify the major challenges faced by women in pito brewing in small and medium scale enterprising. Eight communities in the Upper West Region representing 362 pito brewing women were purposively sampled. The study identified nine determinants facing the pito brewers as accessing finance being the dependent variable, while establishing contact, pricing of products suitable premises, getting Employees, business registration, family support, suitable Market, packaging and storage were considered as the independent variable. The data shows that the brewers have difficulties in getting access to finance, packaging and storage. The F-ratio in the ANOVA table indicated that the overall regression model is statistically significantly and predict the dependent variable as showed with the F (1, 360) = 42.685, p (.000) < .05. The paper concluded that, pito brewers faced numerous challenges and could be assisted by government NGOs as well as various financial institution to help improve their business Keywords: Pito Brewing; Enterprises; Entrepreneurship; Small and Medium Scale; Enterprising DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-06 Publication date: September 30 th 2023
传统上，在加纳北部，已婚妇女通常被要求在农场和其他经济活动中帮助丈夫。然而，收益属于那些控制农场收入的人。本研究旨在确定妇女在中小型企业皮托酿造中面临的主要挑战。在上西部地区的八个社区代表362皮托酿造妇女有意取样。该研究确定了啤酒酿造商面临的九个决定因素，其中获得资金是因变量，而建立联系、产品定价、合适的场所、获得员工、商业注册、家庭支持、合适的市场、包装和储存被认为是自变量。数据显示，啤酒酿造商在获得资金、包装和储存方面存在困难。方差分析表中的F比表明整体回归模型具有统计学显著性，预测因变量为F (1,360) = 42.685, p (.000) <. 05。本文认为，皮托啤酒酿造商面临诸多挑战，可以通过政府、非政府组织和各种金融机构的帮助来改善他们的业务。关键词:皮托酿造;企业;企业家精神;中小规模;企业DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-06出版日期:2023年9月30日
{"title":"Modeling the Determinants in Pito Brewing of Small-Scale Enterprising in Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-16-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-16-06","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, in the northern Ghana, married women are customarily required to give helping hands to their husbands in farms and other economic activities. The proceeds however belong to the men who have control over the farm income. This study sought to identify the major challenges faced by women in pito brewing in small and medium scale enterprising. Eight communities in the Upper West Region representing 362 pito brewing women were purposively sampled. The study identified nine determinants facing the pito brewers as accessing finance being the dependent variable, while establishing contact, pricing of products suitable premises, getting Employees, business registration, family support, suitable Market, packaging and storage were considered as the independent variable. The data shows that the brewers have difficulties in getting access to finance, packaging and storage. The F-ratio in the ANOVA table indicated that the overall regression model is statistically significantly and predict the dependent variable as showed with the F (1, 360) = 42.685, p (.000) < .05. The paper concluded that, pito brewers faced numerous challenges and could be assisted by government NGOs as well as various financial institution to help improve their business Keywords: Pito Brewing; Enterprises; Entrepreneurship; Small and Medium Scale; Enterprising DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-06 Publication date: September 30 th 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135641193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to review selected theories of corporate governance. The theories reviewed include the following: Agency Theory; Stewardship Theory; Stakeholder Theory; and Resource-Dependency Theory. The research methodology is anchored on critical narrative literature review which is popularly known as traditional literature review. The review concludes that for the several years, the Agency theory has been one of the major microeconomic trends. It has been applied to banking, industry and the work economy and has been the basis of the economic reward model. For instance, incentives, risk, and employee selection are studied by the Agency. Further, it is concluded that the stewardship theory expresses that stewards ensure and augment investor riches through organization performance. Stewards are corporate chiefs and directors who work for investors and furnish investors with insurance and benefit. Furthermore, it is determined that the nature of Stakeholder theory lies in assumption that the company is a stakeholder system, and these stakeholders operate in a broader system in which each stakeholder and the entire society provide the laws and market infrastructure to allow the company's activities and capabilities to create wealth and shareholder value. In respect of the Resource-Dependent Theory (RDT), it is concluded that Resource dependence theory is concerned with power relations. It analyzes how managers deal with parties that have power over the company because they control resources that the firm needs to operate Keywords: Corporate Governance Theories; Agency Theory; Stewardship Theory; Stakeholder Theory; Resource-Dependency Theory (RDT). DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-08 Publication date: September 30 th 2023
{"title":"Corporate Governance: A Theoretical Review","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-16-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-16-08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to review selected theories of corporate governance. The theories reviewed include the following: Agency Theory; Stewardship Theory; Stakeholder Theory; and Resource-Dependency Theory. The research methodology is anchored on critical narrative literature review which is popularly known as traditional literature review. The review concludes that for the several years, the Agency theory has been one of the major microeconomic trends. It has been applied to banking, industry and the work economy and has been the basis of the economic reward model. For instance, incentives, risk, and employee selection are studied by the Agency. Further, it is concluded that the stewardship theory expresses that stewards ensure and augment investor riches through organization performance. Stewards are corporate chiefs and directors who work for investors and furnish investors with insurance and benefit. Furthermore, it is determined that the nature of Stakeholder theory lies in assumption that the company is a stakeholder system, and these stakeholders operate in a broader system in which each stakeholder and the entire society provide the laws and market infrastructure to allow the company's activities and capabilities to create wealth and shareholder value. In respect of the Resource-Dependent Theory (RDT), it is concluded that Resource dependence theory is concerned with power relations. It analyzes how managers deal with parties that have power over the company because they control resources that the firm needs to operate Keywords: Corporate Governance Theories; Agency Theory; Stewardship Theory; Stakeholder Theory; Resource-Dependency Theory (RDT). DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-08 Publication date: September 30 th 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135690341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to emphasize how the behavioural factors offered at Iraqi higher education institutions can influence sustainability performance. The conclusions are based on a pilot questionnaire conducted by the authors on the level of Iraqi academics in public universities. A sample of 100 respondents served as the basis for the results. Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient test, the results show that all of the measures above the 0.70 benchmark and had high reliability coefficients that varied from 0.80 to 0.96 with no appreciable variation of skewness values from zero. The study's findings also showed that sustainability performance was highly influenced by knowledge management, leadership, employee commitment, and employee engagement. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the instrument used to analyze various particular predicators of HEI sustainability in Iraq. This model is promising since it demonstrates an increase in behavioral variance in an explanatory manner. Keywords: Sustainability Performance, Behavioural Factors, Higher Education, Academics, Iraq DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-07 Publication date: September 30 th 2023
{"title":"Measuring the Impact of Knowledge Management, Leadership, Employee Commitment, and Employee Engagement on the HEIs Sustainability in Iraq","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-16-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-16-07","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to emphasize how the behavioural factors offered at Iraqi higher education institutions can influence sustainability performance. The conclusions are based on a pilot questionnaire conducted by the authors on the level of Iraqi academics in public universities. A sample of 100 respondents served as the basis for the results. Based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient test, the results show that all of the measures above the 0.70 benchmark and had high reliability coefficients that varied from 0.80 to 0.96 with no appreciable variation of skewness values from zero. The study's findings also showed that sustainability performance was highly influenced by knowledge management, leadership, employee commitment, and employee engagement. The study confirmed the effectiveness of the instrument used to analyze various particular predicators of HEI sustainability in Iraq. This model is promising since it demonstrates an increase in behavioral variance in an explanatory manner. Keywords: Sustainability Performance, Behavioural Factors, Higher Education, Academics, Iraq DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-07 Publication date: September 30 th 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many young graduates have been coming up with creative strategies to find productive employment without depending on the government white collar jobs that are not forthcoming due to the various issues affecting the Nigerian economy as a whole and the high rate of unemployment. Therefore, this study investigated entrepreneurship intention and family background as determinants of young graduates’ entrepreneurship engagement in Ona-Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research designed was survey design of correlational type. The participants in this study were all recent graduates. Ona-Ara local government was purposefully chosen because of the high prevalence of graduate unemployment in the area. Randomly chosen respondents were chosen based on their availability. 150 recent grads in total made up the study's responses.. The instruments used were Entrepreneurship intention (r = 0.44) , and family background (r= 0.22) scales. Data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result shows that there are significant relationship between entrepreneurship intention and Young Graduate entrepreneurship engagement (r=0.439, df=148, p<0.05) and family background and Young Graduate entrepreneurship engagement (r=0.220**, df=148, p<0.05) in Ona-Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study has made it clear that encouraging entrepreneurship is essential for any country that wants to experience real development and prosperity. In order to compete successfully in the global markets, where there is fierce rivalry, every country must prosper in order to transition from a value-added economy to a value-creation economy. Both factors were found to have an impact on young graduates' entrepreneurial activity, although entrepreneurship intention was found to be more significant than familial background. The rate of young graduates engaging in entrepreneurship must be increased, so it is important to take these factors into account. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Young graduates, family background, Entrepreneurship intention DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2023
{"title":"Entrepreneurship Intention and Family Background as Determinants of Young Graduates Entrepreneurship Engagement in Ona-Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria, Nigeria","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/ejbm/15-16-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/15-16-02","url":null,"abstract":"Many young graduates have been coming up with creative strategies to find productive employment without depending on the government white collar jobs that are not forthcoming due to the various issues affecting the Nigerian economy as a whole and the high rate of unemployment. Therefore, this study investigated entrepreneurship intention and family background as determinants of young graduates’ entrepreneurship engagement in Ona-Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The research designed was survey design of correlational type. The participants in this study were all recent graduates. Ona-Ara local government was purposefully chosen because of the high prevalence of graduate unemployment in the area. Randomly chosen respondents were chosen based on their availability. 150 recent grads in total made up the study's responses.. The instruments used were Entrepreneurship intention (r = 0.44) , and family background (r= 0.22) scales. Data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The result shows that there are significant relationship between entrepreneurship intention and Young Graduate entrepreneurship engagement (r=0.439, df=148, p<0.05) and family background and Young Graduate entrepreneurship engagement (r=0.220**, df=148, p<0.05) in Ona-Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. The study has made it clear that encouraging entrepreneurship is essential for any country that wants to experience real development and prosperity. In order to compete successfully in the global markets, where there is fierce rivalry, every country must prosper in order to transition from a value-added economy to a value-creation economy. Both factors were found to have an impact on young graduates' entrepreneurial activity, although entrepreneurship intention was found to be more significant than familial background. The rate of young graduates engaging in entrepreneurship must be increased, so it is important to take these factors into account. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Young graduates, family background, Entrepreneurship intention DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/15-16-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2023","PeriodicalId":11878,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Business and Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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