Pub Date : 2021-01-19DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.171-178
Y. S. Ng, Durrah Faiqah Mohd Farid, D. Chan
Macrophytes can remediate fish farm wastewater sustainably before discharging them to water bodies. However, macrophytes harvesting could potentially affect the phytoremediation since biomass removal could reduce its performance. In this study, the harvesting effect on the waste nutrient removal performance of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna sp. were carried out in fish farm wastewater for 14 days. Water quality assays include ammonia (NH 3 -N), nitrate (NO 3 - -N), phosphate (PO 4 3- ), COD, turbidity and TSS were monitored. The biomass composition of the macrophytes at the end of the experiment was assessed. From the results, biomass harvesting affected the nitrate, phosphate, TTS and macrophyte fresh weight, but not for ammonia, COD and turbidity. Nitrate increased slightly after S. polyrhiza and Lemna sp. were harvested, with their levels still controlled under typical natural level. Harvesting S. polyrhiza and Lemna sp. enhanced phosphate and TSS removal from the macrophytes' wastewater and biomass increment. Overall, harvesting had more improved results compared to the one without harvesting. 83% phosphate, 93% turbidity, 93% TSS, complete ammonia and COD removal from the fish farm wastewater could be attained by the macrophyte groups. The obtained data can help improve the harvesting practice on macrophytes, predicting and elevating the phytoremediation performance in the wastewater.
{"title":"PRELIMINARY LABORATORY-SCALE INVESTIGATION OF PLANT BIOMASS HARVESTING EFFECT ON WASTE NUTRIENT REMOVAL FROM FISH FARM WASTEWATER","authors":"Y. S. Ng, Durrah Faiqah Mohd Farid, D. Chan","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.171-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.171-178","url":null,"abstract":"Macrophytes can remediate fish farm wastewater sustainably before discharging them to water bodies. However, macrophytes harvesting could potentially affect the phytoremediation since biomass removal could reduce its performance. In this study, the harvesting effect on the waste nutrient removal performance of Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna sp. were carried out in fish farm wastewater for 14 days. Water quality assays include ammonia (NH 3 -N), nitrate (NO 3 - -N), phosphate (PO 4 3- ), COD, turbidity and TSS were monitored. The biomass composition of the macrophytes at the end of the experiment was assessed. From the results, biomass harvesting affected the nitrate, phosphate, TTS and macrophyte fresh weight, but not for ammonia, COD and turbidity. Nitrate increased slightly after S. polyrhiza and Lemna sp. were harvested, with their levels still controlled under typical natural level. Harvesting S. polyrhiza and Lemna sp. enhanced phosphate and TSS removal from the macrophytes' wastewater and biomass increment. Overall, harvesting had more improved results compared to the one without harvesting. 83% phosphate, 93% turbidity, 93% TSS, complete ammonia and COD removal from the fish farm wastewater could be attained by the macrophyte groups. The obtained data can help improve the harvesting practice on macrophytes, predicting and elevating the phytoremediation performance in the wastewater.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42716113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-17DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.167-170
J. Patel, P. Kapupara
Medical devices are used vastly used in the healthcare pharmaceutical industry throughout the world. It has become the integral part of modern medical industry. The dependency on the medical device has increased handsomely in treatment of any diseases. This dependency has led to quality issues in medical care. By using medical devices for the treatment of diseases has improved the patient's health, but sometimes they also complicate the condition of the patients, as the body does not accept them and consider them as a foreign body. Therefore, for the manufacturing of medical devices, safety and quality are given prime importance in its regulation. The regulations are different in different countries at present. The medical device regulation of the US, European region, China, Japan, is more stringent and advanced. In India, the Government has come out with medical device regulation in 2017 for manufacturing companies. These are regularly updated based on the western world. But still, Indian regulation is not stringent as some of the medical devices are still notified as drugs to cap price regulation. This paper studies the current scenario in India with other foreign countries regarding the regulations of medical devices. It concludes that we cannot accept any medical device as it is accepted elsewhere. The acceptance must be from the Indian Government; trials must be conducted in India and must be notified and made public for any damages, recalled action. This will help our local manufacturers compete other manufacturers worldwide, create more jobs and economic growth based on the Make in India concept.
{"title":"THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEDICAL DEVICE REGULATION OF INDIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: A REVIEW","authors":"J. Patel, P. Kapupara","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.167-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.167-170","url":null,"abstract":"Medical devices are used vastly used in the healthcare pharmaceutical industry throughout the world. It has become the integral part of modern medical industry. The dependency on the medical device has increased handsomely in treatment of any diseases. This dependency has led to quality issues in medical care. By using medical devices for the treatment of diseases has improved the patient's health, but sometimes they also complicate the condition of the patients, as the body does not accept them and consider them as a foreign body. Therefore, for the manufacturing of medical devices, safety and quality are given prime importance in its regulation. The regulations are different in different countries at present. The medical device regulation of the US, European region, China, Japan, is more stringent and advanced. In India, the Government has come out with medical device regulation in 2017 for manufacturing companies. These are regularly updated based on the western world. But still, Indian regulation is not stringent as some of the medical devices are still notified as drugs to cap price regulation. This paper studies the current scenario in India with other foreign countries regarding the regulations of medical devices. It concludes that we cannot accept any medical device as it is accepted elsewhere. The acceptance must be from the Indian Government; trials must be conducted in India and must be notified and made public for any damages, recalled action. This will help our local manufacturers compete other manufacturers worldwide, create more jobs and economic growth based on the Make in India concept.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"167-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49653950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-12DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.139-146
J. Lalpara, S. Hadiyal, J. Dhalani, G. Dubal
A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole based Schiff base derivatives were designed and synthesized using the efficient strategy with excellent yields. Synthesized molecules evaluated in vitro antibacterial studies in contradiction of microorganisms, namely Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis , and Bacillus megaterium . The bioassay result revealed that most of tested compounds good to moderate inhibition against microorganisms. Some among them show excellent inhibitory effects towards the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Besides, the drug-likeness, lipophilicity and cytotoxicity.
{"title":"NEW 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE BASED SCHIFF BASE DERIVATIVES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY ALONG WITH IN SILICO STUDIES","authors":"J. Lalpara, S. Hadiyal, J. Dhalani, G. Dubal","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.139-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.139-146","url":null,"abstract":"A series of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole based Schiff base derivatives were designed and synthesized using the efficient strategy with excellent yields. Synthesized molecules evaluated in vitro antibacterial studies in contradiction of microorganisms, namely Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis , and Bacillus megaterium . The bioassay result revealed that most of tested compounds good to moderate inhibition against microorganisms. Some among them show excellent inhibitory effects towards the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Besides, the drug-likeness, lipophilicity and cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"139-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45742486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-10DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.134-138
A. Gueye, Papa Sambra Camara, F. Faye, A. Gaye, F. Tamboura, N. Gruber, M. Gaye
Asymmetrical ligand ( Z )- N '-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)nicotinohydrazide ( I ) was synthesized from the condensation of nicotinic acid hydrazide with 2-benzoylpyridine. The compound was characterized by physicochemical analyses, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The structure of the compound was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The ligand crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.2699 (11) A, b = 8.6514 (8) A, c = 11.583 (11) A, a = 91.308 (3)°, b = 94.155 (5)°, g = 109.008 (4)°, V = 755.17 (14) A 3 , Z = 2, R 1 = 0.050, wR 2 = 0.145. The carbonohydrazone moiety of the molecule is slightly twisted as reflected by the torsion angles values of -1.2 (2)° [O1—C13—N3—N2]. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyridine rings is 11.799 (9)°. The crystal packing of compound ( I ) is stabilized by intramolecular N(carbohydrazide)–H···N(pyridine) and intermolecular C(phenyl)–H···O(amide) and C(phenyl)–H···N(hydrazino) hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of sheets parallel to ac plane. The compound screened for antioxidant activity showed variable DPPH inhibition value for different concentrations of DPPH solution.
以烟酸肼与2-苯甲酰吡啶缩合为原料，合成了不对称配体(Z)- N′-(苯基(吡啶-2-基)亚甲基)烟酰肼(I)。通过理化分析、元素分析、FTIR、1h和13c NMR等技术对化合物进行了表征。该化合物的结构由单晶x射线衍射研究确定。配体在三斜空间群P-1中结晶，晶胞参数为:a = 8.2699 (11) a, b = 8.6514 (8) a, c = 11.583 (11) a, a = 91.308(3)°，b = 94.155(5)°，g = 109.008(4)°，V = 755.17 (14) a3, Z = 2, r1 = 0.050, wr2 = 0.145。分子的羰基腙部分有轻微的扭转，扭转角值为-1.2(2)°[01 - c13 - n3 - n2]。吡啶环的平均平面之间的二面角为11.799(9)°。化合物(I)通过分子内N(碳酰肼)-H··N(吡啶)和分子间C(苯基)-H··O(酰胺)和C(苯基)-H··N(肼)氢键稳定晶体排列，形成平行于ac平面的片状结构。经抗氧化活性筛选的化合物对不同浓度DPPH溶液的DPPH抑制值不同。
{"title":"SYNTHESIS OF (Z)-N'-(PHENYL(PYRIDIN-2-YL)METHYLENE)-NICOTINOHYDRAZIDE: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY SCREENING","authors":"A. Gueye, Papa Sambra Camara, F. Faye, A. Gaye, F. Tamboura, N. Gruber, M. Gaye","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.134-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.134-138","url":null,"abstract":"Asymmetrical ligand ( Z )- N '-(phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)nicotinohydrazide ( I ) was synthesized from the condensation of nicotinic acid hydrazide with 2-benzoylpyridine. The compound was characterized by physicochemical analyses, elemental analysis, FTIR, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy techniques. The structure of the compound was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The ligand crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with the following unit cell parameters: a = 8.2699 (11) A, b = 8.6514 (8) A, c = 11.583 (11) A, a = 91.308 (3)°, b = 94.155 (5)°, g = 109.008 (4)°, V = 755.17 (14) A 3 , Z = 2, R 1 = 0.050, wR 2 = 0.145. The carbonohydrazone moiety of the molecule is slightly twisted as reflected by the torsion angles values of -1.2 (2)° [O1—C13—N3—N2]. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyridine rings is 11.799 (9)°. The crystal packing of compound ( I ) is stabilized by intramolecular N(carbohydrazide)–H···N(pyridine) and intermolecular C(phenyl)–H···O(amide) and C(phenyl)–H···N(hydrazino) hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of sheets parallel to ac plane. The compound screened for antioxidant activity showed variable DPPH inhibition value for different concentrations of DPPH solution.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"134-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-09DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.114-122
Shyorai Singh, N. Singh, R. Rani
Huge amount of coal fly ash, generated from power plants which contain trace toxic metals also like Pb, As, Hg, Ni, Cd and Ba etc., is considered as an environmental hazard worldwide. These toxic elements are leached into water, soil and ground water from coal fly ash and contaminate them. The leaching behaviour of trace toxic elements as a function of liquid/solid (L/S) ratio present in coal fly ash from three coal-fired power plants were studied by conducting US EPA leaching test methods (LEAF). The test has been conducted under a different range liquid to solid ratios. Most of trace elements show similar nature of liquid/solid partitioning (LSP) curve in the different coal fly ash samples in the leaching tests despite of elemental and mineralogical compositions and different ranks of coals fly ash. LSP curves of trace elements from fly ash samples in the L/S ratios tests (LEAF) shows some variations also. The present study is an assessment the leachability of trace elements in three coal fly ash samples collected from three power plants by LEAF at different L/S ratios.
{"title":"HEAVY METALS LEACHING CHARACTERISTICS FROM COAL FLY ASH OF THREE THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND ITS ADVERSE EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Shyorai Singh, N. Singh, R. Rani","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.114-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.114-122","url":null,"abstract":"Huge amount of coal fly ash, generated from power plants which contain trace toxic metals also like Pb, As, Hg, Ni, Cd and Ba etc., is considered as an environmental hazard worldwide. These toxic elements are leached into water, soil and ground water from coal fly ash and contaminate them. The leaching behaviour of trace toxic elements as a function of liquid/solid (L/S) ratio present in coal fly ash from three coal-fired power plants were studied by conducting US EPA leaching test methods (LEAF). The test has been conducted under a different range liquid to solid ratios. Most of trace elements show similar nature of liquid/solid partitioning (LSP) curve in the different coal fly ash samples in the leaching tests despite of elemental and mineralogical compositions and different ranks of coals fly ash. LSP curves of trace elements from fly ash samples in the L/S ratios tests (LEAF) shows some variations also. The present study is an assessment the leachability of trace elements in three coal fly ash samples collected from three power plants by LEAF at different L/S ratios.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"114-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-03DOI: 10.17628/ECB.2021.10.80-84
Sonal Gupta, R. Jain, Deepti Goyal
In recent decades, the energy demand is ever increasing. Biomass energy is a viable option as an alternative due to reduced CO 2 emissions and depletion of fossil fuels at a faster rate. Therefore, the substitution of non-renewable fossil resources by renewable biomass as a sustainable feedstock has been focused on researchers to develop useful green fuels and other platform chemicals such as biofuels, commodity chemicals, and new bio-based materials. For the conversion of sugars, several methodologies have been investigated through chemocatalysis from plant-derived biomass feedstocks. This review critically overviewed the latest advancement regarding reaction conditions, product yields, and selectivity on the conversion of C 6 -sugars into important chemicals like 5- hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, etc. This review describes green chemistry principles includes the main reactions used to convert renewable biomass into industrially important products that are applicable as raw materials with emphasis on preparative organic synthesis.
{"title":"RECENT TRENDS IN CONVERSION OF C6-SUGARS INTO VALUE-ADDED CHEMICALS OVER SOLID CATALYSTS","authors":"Sonal Gupta, R. Jain, Deepti Goyal","doi":"10.17628/ECB.2021.10.80-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ECB.2021.10.80-84","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the energy demand is ever increasing. Biomass energy is a viable option as an alternative due to reduced CO 2 emissions and depletion of fossil fuels at a faster rate. Therefore, the substitution of non-renewable fossil resources by renewable biomass as a sustainable feedstock has been focused on researchers to develop useful green fuels and other platform chemicals such as biofuels, commodity chemicals, and new bio-based materials. For the conversion of sugars, several methodologies have been investigated through chemocatalysis from plant-derived biomass feedstocks. This review critically overviewed the latest advancement regarding reaction conditions, product yields, and selectivity on the conversion of C 6 -sugars into important chemicals like 5- hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, etc. This review describes green chemistry principles includes the main reactions used to convert renewable biomass into industrially important products that are applicable as raw materials with emphasis on preparative organic synthesis.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2021.10.21-34
Bhagwati Gauni, Krunal Mehariya, Anamik Shah, S. Duggirala
The purpose of this study was the synthesis of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives (3a-3o) via Cu(I) catalyzed reaction between a terminal alkyne and substituted alkyl or aryl azides. The synthesized triazoles were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and single crystal X-Ray. They were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity against a set of 10 bacterial cultures by the broth microdilution method. The significant antibacterial activity with MIC: 50 μg mL - 1 was displayed by compounds 3j and 3h against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and compounds 3c and 3g against Salmonella paratyphi as well as compound 3f against Enterobacter aerogenes , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus vulgaris , and Shigella flexneri . Compound 3e was the only compound that was found to inhibit Escherichia coli with MIC: 200 μg mL -1 .
本研究的目的是通过Cu(I)催化末端炔与取代烷基或芳基叠氮化物之间的反应合成一系列新的1,2,3-三唑-1,4-二氢吡啶-3,5-二腈衍生物(3a- 30)。通过1h NMR、13c NMR和单晶x射线对合成的三唑进行了表征。采用肉汤微量稀释法对10组细菌培养物进行体外抑菌活性筛选。化合物3j和3h对铜绿假单胞菌、化合物3c和3g对副伤寒沙门菌、化合物3f对产气肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、寻常变形杆菌和福氏志贺氏菌的抑菌活性均为MIC: 50 μg mL - 1。化合物3e是唯一一个MIC为200 μg mL -1的抑制大肠杆菌的化合物。
{"title":"Novel 1,2,3-triazole-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives: synthesis and antibacterial evaluation","authors":"Bhagwati Gauni, Krunal Mehariya, Anamik Shah, S. Duggirala","doi":"10.17628/ecb.2021.10.21-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2021.10.21-34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was the synthesis of a novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile derivatives (3a-3o) via Cu(I) catalyzed reaction between a terminal alkyne and substituted alkyl or aryl azides. The synthesized triazoles were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and single crystal X-Ray. They were screened in vitro for antibacterial activity against a set of 10 bacterial cultures by the broth microdilution method. The significant antibacterial activity with MIC: 50 μg mL - 1 was displayed by compounds 3j and 3h against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and compounds 3c and 3g against Salmonella paratyphi as well as compound 3f against Enterobacter aerogenes , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus vulgaris , and Shigella flexneri . Compound 3e was the only compound that was found to inhibit Escherichia coli with MIC: 200 μg mL -1 .","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67697745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2021.10.35-38
S. A. Abdel-Raheem, A. El-Dean, R. Hassanien, M. El-Sayed, Aly A. Abd-Ella
Three distyryl-containing compounds, namely, 2-((cyanomethyl)thio)-4,6-distyrylnicotinonitrile ( 2 ), 3-amino-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3- b ]pyridine-2-carbonitrile ( 3 ) and 2-((2-cyanoethyl)thio)-4,6-distyrylnicotinonitrile ( 4 ) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The three compounds contain the pyridine moiety and are considered neonicotinoids analogues. Because neonicotinoids were considered the most effective pesticides, the biological activity of the distyryl-containing compounds as potential insecticides against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was evaluated. The agricultural bioactivity results of these compounds showed that the insecticidal activity varied from good to moderate against cowpea aphid insects.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of some distyryl-derivatives for agricultural uses","authors":"S. A. Abdel-Raheem, A. El-Dean, R. Hassanien, M. El-Sayed, Aly A. Abd-Ella","doi":"10.17628/ecb.2021.10.35-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2021.10.35-38","url":null,"abstract":"Three distyryl-containing compounds, namely, 2-((cyanomethyl)thio)-4,6-distyrylnicotinonitrile ( 2 ), 3-amino-4,6-distyrylthieno[2,3- b ]pyridine-2-carbonitrile ( 3 ) and 2-((2-cyanoethyl)thio)-4,6-distyrylnicotinonitrile ( 4 ) have been prepared and characterized by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The three compounds contain the pyridine moiety and are considered neonicotinoids analogues. Because neonicotinoids were considered the most effective pesticides, the biological activity of the distyryl-containing compounds as potential insecticides against cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch was evaluated. The agricultural bioactivity results of these compounds showed that the insecticidal activity varied from good to moderate against cowpea aphid insects.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67697825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2021.10.39-45
V. Savalia, D. Pandya, N. Sheth
Bombax ceiba Linn. is a deciduous tree known as Red silk cotton tree. Bombax ceiba stem, stem bark and prickle are used for the treatment of rheumatism, swellings, asthma and inflammation of the legs. The stem bark of Bombax ceiba is official in the ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends its use in acne. Prickles are also used and recommended in anti-acne marketed formulation. However, limited work was carried out on the prickle toward establishing quality control parameters. Studies were therefore carried out to determine the phytochemical and pharmacognostic profile of prickle of Bombax ceiba Linn. The study, including determination of macroscopic, microscopic characters, ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting were carried out. Successive extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction. The phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of tannin, saponin, phenol, carbohydrate, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Total phenolic and tannin content of methanol extract was found 327.78±1.09mg GAE/gm equivalent and 4.98±0.22%w/w, respectively. The mobile phase showing distinct spots in TLC was found in Toluene: Ethyl acetate (9.5:0.5) and (9:1) for petroleum ether and methanol extracts, respectively. HPTLC fingerprinting shows 8 & 3 peaks at 366nm for petroleum ether and methanol extract, respectively.
{"title":"Quality control parameters of prickles of Bombax ceiba Linn.","authors":"V. Savalia, D. Pandya, N. Sheth","doi":"10.17628/ecb.2021.10.39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2021.10.39-45","url":null,"abstract":"Bombax ceiba Linn. is a deciduous tree known as Red silk cotton tree. Bombax ceiba stem, stem bark and prickle are used for the treatment of rheumatism, swellings, asthma and inflammation of the legs. The stem bark of Bombax ceiba is official in the ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends its use in acne. Prickles are also used and recommended in anti-acne marketed formulation. However, limited work was carried out on the prickle toward establishing quality control parameters. Studies were therefore carried out to determine the phytochemical and pharmacognostic profile of prickle of Bombax ceiba Linn. The study, including determination of macroscopic, microscopic characters, ash values, extractive values, loss on drying, phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, TLC and HPTLC fingerprinting were carried out. Successive extracts were prepared using soxhlet extraction. The phytochemical analysis of extracts revealed the presence of tannin, saponin, phenol, carbohydrate, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Total phenolic and tannin content of methanol extract was found 327.78±1.09mg GAE/gm equivalent and 4.98±0.22%w/w, respectively. The mobile phase showing distinct spots in TLC was found in Toluene: Ethyl acetate (9.5:0.5) and (9:1) for petroleum ether and methanol extracts, respectively. HPTLC fingerprinting shows 8 & 3 peaks at 366nm for petroleum ether and methanol extract, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67698056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.17628/ecb.2021.10.46-57
N. Shanmugam, Shrika Eddula, W. Acree, M. Abraham
Abraham model L solute descriptors have been determined for an additional 33 linear C 7 -C 14 alkynes based on published gas chromatographic retention indices for solutes eluted from capillary columns coated with squalane and apiezon L stationary phases. Standard molar enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation at 298 K are calculated for the 33 linear alkynes using the reported solute descriptors and our recently published Abraham model correlations. Calculated vaporization enthalpies derived from the Abraham model compare very favourably with values based on a popular atom-group additivity model.
{"title":"Calculation of Abraham model L-descriptor and standard molar enthalpies of vaporization for linear C7-C14 alkynes from gas chromatographic retention index data","authors":"N. Shanmugam, Shrika Eddula, W. Acree, M. Abraham","doi":"10.17628/ecb.2021.10.46-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2021.10.46-57","url":null,"abstract":"Abraham model L solute descriptors have been determined for an additional 33 linear C 7 -C 14 alkynes based on published gas chromatographic retention indices for solutes eluted from capillary columns coated with squalane and apiezon L stationary phases. Standard molar enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation at 298 K are calculated for the 33 linear alkynes using the reported solute descriptors and our recently published Abraham model correlations. Calculated vaporization enthalpies derived from the Abraham model compare very favourably with values based on a popular atom-group additivity model.","PeriodicalId":11880,"journal":{"name":"European Chemical Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67698191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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