Pub Date : 2022-10-06DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2127967
Jung-Wook Kho, Do-Hun Gook, Minhyung Jung, Donghun Kim, Jiseok Kim, Seoyul Hwang, Gyeongmo Gu, Doo-Hyung Lee
{"title":"Seasonal abundance of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in habitats surrounding international ports and mobility and reproductive status of the insect during autumn dispersal period in South Korea","authors":"Jung-Wook Kho, Do-Hun Gook, Minhyung Jung, Donghun Kim, Jiseok Kim, Seoyul Hwang, Gyeongmo Gu, Doo-Hyung Lee","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2127967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2127967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48036490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2129509
Gianella Brancatti, G. Garmendia, S. Pereyra, S. Vero
Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of cereal grains caused by several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium graminearum is considered the primary causal agent. In this work 586 pure cultures of Fusarium spp. were obtained from infected grains, of which 64.9% belonged to the Fusarium graminearum species complex. 96.4% of those isolates had 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and the rest exhibited Nivalenol genotype. The second most predominant species was F. poae (19.1%) followed by F. avenaceum (8.2%) and F. tricinctum (4.6%). An increase in the tolerance to tebuconazole of Uruguayan Fusarium spp. isolates was detected.
{"title":"Current species composition of Fusarium population affecting the main wheat-growing regions in Uruguay and evolution of their sensitivity to triazoles after long-term application","authors":"Gianella Brancatti, G. Garmendia, S. Pereyra, S. Vero","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2129509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2129509","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of cereal grains caused by several Fusarium species, of which Fusarium graminearum is considered the primary causal agent. In this work 586 pure cultures of Fusarium spp. were obtained from infected grains, of which 64.9% belonged to the Fusarium graminearum species complex. 96.4% of those isolates had 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol genotype and the rest exhibited Nivalenol genotype. The second most predominant species was F. poae (19.1%) followed by F. avenaceum (8.2%) and F. tricinctum (4.6%). An increase in the tolerance to tebuconazole of Uruguayan Fusarium spp. isolates was detected.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"349 - 358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44087130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2135181
D. Valle, N. Cabrera, F. Clavijo, V. Mujica, A. González, M. Siri, B. Lavandero
Abstract Biological control is an alternative strategy to control Cacopsylla bidens. The aim of this study was to untanglethe trophic network involving C. bidens as prey. Molecular techniques along with predator activity surveys were employed to evaluate predation on psylla. Feeding on C. bidens was detected for five predators: Chrysoperla externa, Chrysopidae sp., Hemerobiidae sp., Harmonia axyridis and Cycloneda sanguinea. All these predators begin to feed earlier in the season, apart from C. externawhich fedds from the third psylla generation. These results will allow the development of strategies to increase the presence of these predators in the orchards.
{"title":"Who is feeding on the pear psylla? Applying molecular ecology for the biological control of Cacopsylla bidens","authors":"D. Valle, N. Cabrera, F. Clavijo, V. Mujica, A. González, M. Siri, B. Lavandero","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2135181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2135181","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biological control is an alternative strategy to control Cacopsylla bidens. The aim of this study was to untanglethe trophic network involving C. bidens as prey. Molecular techniques along with predator activity surveys were employed to evaluate predation on psylla. Feeding on C. bidens was detected for five predators: Chrysoperla externa, Chrysopidae sp., Hemerobiidae sp., Harmonia axyridis and Cycloneda sanguinea. All these predators begin to feed earlier in the season, apart from C. externawhich fedds from the third psylla generation. These results will allow the development of strategies to increase the presence of these predators in the orchards.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"390 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41896108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2118893
María Victoria Buratovich, H. Acciaresi
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if different mixtures and monocultures of cover crops (CC) reduce aerial dry matter, number and diversity of autumn-winter weeds. Two experiments with different CC species were implanted in the INTA Pergamino Agricultural Experimental Station (Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 33° 51´ S, 60° 34´W) in 2018 and 2019. The species used were: Avena sativa, Triticosecale and Vicia villosa. Mixtures and monocultures of CC were used, in different proportions and densities, and were compared with a chemical fallow. Two cuts of CC were made aboveground at tillering and milk grain stages (Z 2.5 and 7.3, respectively) to obtain aerial dry matter of CC (ADMcc, g.m−2), ADM of weeds (ADMw, g.m−2) and number of weeds (weeds.m−2). Moreover, weed species were identified and Shannon diversity and evenness indices and effective specific richness were calculated. In 2018, the highest ADMcc was recorded in Avena sativa at Z 2.5 as well as the highest weed density. At Z 7.3, the highest ADMcc was recorded in Avena sativa, Triticosecale and their mixture. At that stage, the highest ADMw was recorded in the chemical fallow. In 2019, the 3:1 Avena sativa/Vicia villosa mixture showed the highest ADMcc and diversity of weed community showed non-significant differences from the chemical fallow at Z 2.5. There were non-significant differences in ADM among CC and diversity of weed community in the CC was practically null at Z 7.3. At both stages, the highest number of weeds and ADMw was observed at chemical fallow, whereas in CC, non-significant differences were detected. The results obtained indicate that CC reduce the number, ADMw and diversity of the weed community, regardless of the mixtures used.
{"title":"Winter cover crops and dynamics of weeds in agricultural systems of the Argentine Rolling Pampas","authors":"María Victoria Buratovich, H. Acciaresi","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2118893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2118893","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study was to determine if different mixtures and monocultures of cover crops (CC) reduce aerial dry matter, number and diversity of autumn-winter weeds. Two experiments with different CC species were implanted in the INTA Pergamino Agricultural Experimental Station (Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 33° 51´ S, 60° 34´W) in 2018 and 2019. The species used were: Avena sativa, Triticosecale and Vicia villosa. Mixtures and monocultures of CC were used, in different proportions and densities, and were compared with a chemical fallow. Two cuts of CC were made aboveground at tillering and milk grain stages (Z 2.5 and 7.3, respectively) to obtain aerial dry matter of CC (ADMcc, g.m−2), ADM of weeds (ADMw, g.m−2) and number of weeds (weeds.m−2). Moreover, weed species were identified and Shannon diversity and evenness indices and effective specific richness were calculated. In 2018, the highest ADMcc was recorded in Avena sativa at Z 2.5 as well as the highest weed density. At Z 7.3, the highest ADMcc was recorded in Avena sativa, Triticosecale and their mixture. At that stage, the highest ADMw was recorded in the chemical fallow. In 2019, the 3:1 Avena sativa/Vicia villosa mixture showed the highest ADMcc and diversity of weed community showed non-significant differences from the chemical fallow at Z 2.5. There were non-significant differences in ADM among CC and diversity of weed community in the CC was practically null at Z 7.3. At both stages, the highest number of weeds and ADMw was observed at chemical fallow, whereas in CC, non-significant differences were detected. The results obtained indicate that CC reduce the number, ADMw and diversity of the weed community, regardless of the mixtures used.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"414 - 422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45038845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2134942
Agustina Armand Pilón, H. Silva, S. Abbate, O. Bentancur, Viviana Heguaburu
Abstract Plutella xylostella (L.) is one of the main pests in Brassicaceae crops, although, information regarding its biology on alternative hosts is scarce, crucial for its mass rearing. We studied the development, biology, and population parameters of P. xylostella, fed with different Brassicaceae. In laboratory conditions, P. xylostella was reared from larva 1 to adult. Larvae were fed with B. napus (rapeseed), Brassica carinata (Ethiopian rape), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Rapistrum rugosum (turnipweed) and Raphanus raphanistrum (radish). The development time of immature stages was longer in B. oleracea var. capitata (19.19 ± 0.43d) and shorter in R. raphanistrum (15.44 ± 0.37d). In R. rugosum, the highest survival of individuals that reached adult stage was achieved. The highest value of oviposited eggs was recorded in R. rugosum (300.82 ± 24), and highest hatching percentage in R. raphanistrum (79.7%). The highest values of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of growth, were obtained with R. rugosum. P. xylostella complete their whole cycle in any of the five hosts, being R. rugosum most suitable host for an efficient mass rearing system.
{"title":"Development and reproductive potential of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in five Brassicaceae hosts","authors":"Agustina Armand Pilón, H. Silva, S. Abbate, O. Bentancur, Viviana Heguaburu","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2134942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2134942","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plutella xylostella (L.) is one of the main pests in Brassicaceae crops, although, information regarding its biology on alternative hosts is scarce, crucial for its mass rearing. We studied the development, biology, and population parameters of P. xylostella, fed with different Brassicaceae. In laboratory conditions, P. xylostella was reared from larva 1 to adult. Larvae were fed with B. napus (rapeseed), Brassica carinata (Ethiopian rape), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), Rapistrum rugosum (turnipweed) and Raphanus raphanistrum (radish). The development time of immature stages was longer in B. oleracea var. capitata (19.19 ± 0.43d) and shorter in R. raphanistrum (15.44 ± 0.37d). In R. rugosum, the highest survival of individuals that reached adult stage was achieved. The highest value of oviposited eggs was recorded in R. rugosum (300.82 ± 24), and highest hatching percentage in R. raphanistrum (79.7%). The highest values of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase and finite rate of growth, were obtained with R. rugosum. P. xylostella complete their whole cycle in any of the five hosts, being R. rugosum most suitable host for an efficient mass rearing system.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"381 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49042890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2130468
F. Duarte, Agustín Caro, S. Delgado, A. Asfennato, Laura López, F. Hernandez, M. V. Calvo
Abstract Two trials were done, one to evaluate SIT effectiveness to control Uruguayan medfly populations, and another to evaluate the medfly catches in two mass trapping layouts. First, in an 18 ha plot of ‘Cripps pink’ apple 756,000 sterile males of Ceratitis capitata were released from February to March in 2020, and 990,000 from February to April in 2021. Simultaneously, three 4 ha plots with mass trapping were evaluated as controls. The average sterile:wild ratio in Jackson traps was 13.2 and no differences were found in fruit damage. The second trial consisted in three plots of 1 ha of ’Afourer’ mandarin with 50 Susbin-TMA traps per ha, in both grid and perimeter layouts. Five thousand sterile males were released in the center of each plot, and catches were evaluated. The mean recapture of sterile males was 14,9 and 3.3 in the grid and a perimeter design respectively. C. capitata population were controlled, and SIT could be applied in combination with mass trapping in a perimeter design without requiring a substantial increase in the sterile male dose released.
{"title":"Sterile insect technique (sit) effectiveness to control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and medfly catches in two mass trapping layouts","authors":"F. Duarte, Agustín Caro, S. Delgado, A. Asfennato, Laura López, F. Hernandez, M. V. Calvo","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2130468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2130468","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two trials were done, one to evaluate SIT effectiveness to control Uruguayan medfly populations, and another to evaluate the medfly catches in two mass trapping layouts. First, in an 18 ha plot of ‘Cripps pink’ apple 756,000 sterile males of Ceratitis capitata were released from February to March in 2020, and 990,000 from February to April in 2021. Simultaneously, three 4 ha plots with mass trapping were evaluated as controls. The average sterile:wild ratio in Jackson traps was 13.2 and no differences were found in fruit damage. The second trial consisted in three plots of 1 ha of ’Afourer’ mandarin with 50 Susbin-TMA traps per ha, in both grid and perimeter layouts. Five thousand sterile males were released in the center of each plot, and catches were evaluated. The mean recapture of sterile males was 14,9 and 3.3 in the grid and a perimeter design respectively. C. capitata population were controlled, and SIT could be applied in combination with mass trapping in a perimeter design without requiring a substantial increase in the sterile male dose released.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"402 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49064022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2126023
M. V. Calvo, S. Delgado, F. Duarte, F. M. Garcia, I. Scatoni, Andrés González
Abstract Thorough and systematic surveys of host associations of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are lacking in Uruguay. Our aim was to establish the host status in field conditions and the pattern of use of different fruit species in agroecosystems and wild environments in Uruguay. Tephritid monitoring was conducted in citrus and deciduous fruit orchards using McPhail traps baited with four PBX® yeast/borax pellets. A survey of host fruits was conducted by collecting fruits in commercial and non-commercial orchards and wild vegetation. Ceratitis capitata and A. fraterculus were the only two economically important fruit fly species recorded. Ceratitis capitata prevailed in citrus groves and deciduous fruit orchards associated with commercial and disturbed environments whereas A. fraterculus was associated mostly with non-commercial fruits and undisturbed ecosystems. The differences in abundance of C. capitata and A. fraterculus observed in different hosts and ecosystems may be related to factors such as host association, resource competition, environmental conditions and parasitism, among others that are discussed.
{"title":"Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and hosts association in different ecosystems in Uruguay","authors":"M. V. Calvo, S. Delgado, F. Duarte, F. M. Garcia, I. Scatoni, Andrés González","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2126023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2126023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Thorough and systematic surveys of host associations of Anastrepha fraterculus and Ceratitis capitata are lacking in Uruguay. Our aim was to establish the host status in field conditions and the pattern of use of different fruit species in agroecosystems and wild environments in Uruguay. Tephritid monitoring was conducted in citrus and deciduous fruit orchards using McPhail traps baited with four PBX® yeast/borax pellets. A survey of host fruits was conducted by collecting fruits in commercial and non-commercial orchards and wild vegetation. Ceratitis capitata and A. fraterculus were the only two economically important fruit fly species recorded. Ceratitis capitata prevailed in citrus groves and deciduous fruit orchards associated with commercial and disturbed environments whereas A. fraterculus was associated mostly with non-commercial fruits and undisturbed ecosystems. The differences in abundance of C. capitata and A. fraterculus observed in different hosts and ecosystems may be related to factors such as host association, resource competition, environmental conditions and parasitism, among others that are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"369 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45709848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2123568
H. A. Villar, S. Vero, S. Pereyra, N. Altier, Florencia De Lucca, E. Abreo, C. Pérez
Abstract Diseases caused by crop residue-dependent pathogens have increased during the last decades in Uruguayan agriculture systems, in particular Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Cochliobolus sativus. Consequently, we searched for the presence of fungal antagonists for these pathogens, particularly Trichoderma. Seven species of Trichoderma inhabiting soils and crop residues were identified. Strains of all identified species had high in vitro antagonistic activity against both pathogens. These results confirm the presence of Trichoderma spp. naturally inhabiting crop residues and soils, with potential to inhibit C. sativus and P. tritici-repentis. Managing antagonist populations is a promising and underdeveloped strategy that warrant further investigation.
{"title":"Characterization of the antagonistic capacity of Trichoderma spp. from agricultural systems","authors":"H. A. Villar, S. Vero, S. Pereyra, N. Altier, Florencia De Lucca, E. Abreo, C. Pérez","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2123568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2123568","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Diseases caused by crop residue-dependent pathogens have increased during the last decades in Uruguayan agriculture systems, in particular Pyrenophora tritici-repentis and Cochliobolus sativus. Consequently, we searched for the presence of fungal antagonists for these pathogens, particularly Trichoderma. Seven species of Trichoderma inhabiting soils and crop residues were identified. Strains of all identified species had high in vitro antagonistic activity against both pathogens. These results confirm the presence of Trichoderma spp. naturally inhabiting crop residues and soils, with potential to inhibit C. sativus and P. tritici-repentis. Managing antagonist populations is a promising and underdeveloped strategy that warrant further investigation.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"359 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43534273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2123570
Mathías Collares, Juana Villalba
Abstract Cover crops constitute an interesting option for cultural weed control. Expansion of herbicide resistant weeds in Uruguay, has been associated with an increase use of pre-emergent herbicides for their control. Crops residues could decrease their effectiveness. The objective of these work was to evaluate the effect of Avena strigosa straw and moment and amount of rain, in Amaranthus spp. control effectiveness by flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. Two experiments were carried out for each herbicide in pots, in a greenhouse. The design was in randomized complete blocks, with five repetitions and factorial arrangement of treatments. In experiments I, factors were: I) amount of A. strigosa straw (0 and 6 t ha−1); and II) amount of rainfall (20 and 80 mm), for each herbicide. In experiments II, factors were: I) amount of A. strigosa straw (0 and 6 t ha−1); II) amount of rainfall (20, 60 mm); and III) Days between application and rainfall occurrence (1, 7 and 14). Weed emergencies were quantified at days 8, 22 and 39 after rainfall (DAR). Results were independently analyzed using a model with gaussian distribution. Sulfentrazone effectiveness in Amaranthus spp. control was not affected by studied factors. In the case of flumioxazin, straw effect was consistently detected. Amounts of 6 t ha−1 of oat straw reduced Amaranthus spp. control effectiveness of the herbicide.
覆盖作物是一种有效的杂草防治方法。在乌拉圭，抗除草剂杂草的扩大与增加使用发芽前除草剂来控制杂草有关。作物残茬会降低其有效性。本研究的目的是评价曲麦草秸秆和降雨时间、降雨量、氟恶嗪和磺胺酮对苋属植物的防治效果。每种除草剂在温室的花盆中进行了两次试验。设计采用随机完全块，5次重复和治疗的阶乘安排。试验1中，影响因素为:1)藻单胞菌秸秆用量(0和6 t / h - 1);和II)降雨量(20和80毫米)，每种除草剂。试验二的影响因素为:1)藻单胞菌秸秆用量(0和6 t / h - 1);II)降雨量(20、60毫米);III)施药与降雨之间的天数(1,7和14)。在降雨后第8、22和39天对杂草突发事件进行量化。结果采用高斯分布模型进行独立分析。磺胺酮对苋属植物的防治效果不受影响。氟咪唑嗪的稻草效应持续存在。6 t / hm2的燕麦秸秆用量降低了该除草剂对苋属植物的防治效果。
{"title":"Effect of Avena strigosa straw and rainfall on sulfentrazone and flumioxazin control effectiveness of Amaranthus spp.","authors":"Mathías Collares, Juana Villalba","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2123570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2123570","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cover crops constitute an interesting option for cultural weed control. Expansion of herbicide resistant weeds in Uruguay, has been associated with an increase use of pre-emergent herbicides for their control. Crops residues could decrease their effectiveness. The objective of these work was to evaluate the effect of Avena strigosa straw and moment and amount of rain, in Amaranthus spp. control effectiveness by flumioxazin and sulfentrazone. Two experiments were carried out for each herbicide in pots, in a greenhouse. The design was in randomized complete blocks, with five repetitions and factorial arrangement of treatments. In experiments I, factors were: I) amount of A. strigosa straw (0 and 6 t ha−1); and II) amount of rainfall (20 and 80 mm), for each herbicide. In experiments II, factors were: I) amount of A. strigosa straw (0 and 6 t ha−1); II) amount of rainfall (20, 60 mm); and III) Days between application and rainfall occurrence (1, 7 and 14). Weed emergencies were quantified at days 8, 22 and 39 after rainfall (DAR). Results were independently analyzed using a model with gaussian distribution. Sulfentrazone effectiveness in Amaranthus spp. control was not affected by studied factors. In the case of flumioxazin, straw effect was consistently detected. Amounts of 6 t ha−1 of oat straw reduced Amaranthus spp. control effectiveness of the herbicide.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"423 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47787944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/09670874.2022.2116660
M. C. Sosa, M. Lutz, X. Lódolo, Carla Nahir Basso
Abstract Dieback and canker disease caused by species of Botryosphaeriales affect the productivity of pome fruit orchards. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of fungicides and biofungicide for controlling canker and dieback diseases in apple and pear using in vitro and field trials. Isolates of Diplodia seriata, D. mutila, and Dothiorella omnivora from apple, and of D. seriata and Aplosporella aquifolii from pear were used. Cercobin® (thiophanate-methyl), followed by Bellis® (pyraclostrobin + boscalid), and Nativo® (tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) inhibited mycelial growth, conidial germination and pycnidia formation in vitro in all fungal isolates. T. harzianum produced mycelial growth inhibition and mycoparasitism in dual culture assays. Thiophanate-methyl and T. harzianum fully inhibited pycnidia production, while pyraclostrobin + boscalid and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin were most effective against conidia germination. In the orchard assays, protective sprays of the fungicides on pruning wounds reduced incidence by up to 20%, while T. harzianum and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin reduced the lesion severity up 37 and 41%, respectively. This study represents the first evaluation of fungicides and biofungicide effectiveness for the control of canker and dieback diseases of apples and pears in Argentina.
{"title":"In vitro and in vivo activity of chemical fungicides and a biofungicide for the control of wood diseases caused by botryosphaeriales fungi in apple and pear","authors":"M. C. Sosa, M. Lutz, X. Lódolo, Carla Nahir Basso","doi":"10.1080/09670874.2022.2116660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2022.2116660","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dieback and canker disease caused by species of Botryosphaeriales affect the productivity of pome fruit orchards. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of fungicides and biofungicide for controlling canker and dieback diseases in apple and pear using in vitro and field trials. Isolates of Diplodia seriata, D. mutila, and Dothiorella omnivora from apple, and of D. seriata and Aplosporella aquifolii from pear were used. Cercobin® (thiophanate-methyl), followed by Bellis® (pyraclostrobin + boscalid), and Nativo® (tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin) inhibited mycelial growth, conidial germination and pycnidia formation in vitro in all fungal isolates. T. harzianum produced mycelial growth inhibition and mycoparasitism in dual culture assays. Thiophanate-methyl and T. harzianum fully inhibited pycnidia production, while pyraclostrobin + boscalid and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin were most effective against conidia germination. In the orchard assays, protective sprays of the fungicides on pruning wounds reduced incidence by up to 20%, while T. harzianum and tebuconazole + trifloxystrobin reduced the lesion severity up 37 and 41%, respectively. This study represents the first evaluation of fungicides and biofungicide effectiveness for the control of canker and dieback diseases of apples and pears in Argentina.","PeriodicalId":14275,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pest Management","volume":"68 1","pages":"328 - 338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41576299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：