There is much debate as to why economics students display more self-interested behavior than other students: whether homo economicus self-select into economics or students are instead “indoctrinated” by economics learning, and whether these effects impact on preferences or beliefs about others’ behavior. Using a classroom survey (n>500) with novel behavioral questions we show that, compared to students in other majors, econ students report being: (i) more self-interested (in particular, less compassionate or averse to advantageous inequality) already in the first year and the difference remains among more senior students; (ii) more likely to think that people will be unwilling to work if unemployment benefits increase (thus, assuming others are motivated primarily by self-interest), but only among senior students. These results suggest self-selection in preferences and indoctrination in beliefs.
{"title":"Economics Students: Self-Selected in Preferences and Indoctrinated in Beliefs","authors":"A. Espín, Manuel Correa, Aberto Ruiz-Villaverde","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3788857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3788857","url":null,"abstract":"There is much debate as to why economics students display more self-interested behavior than other students: whether homo economicus self-select into economics or students are instead “indoctrinated” by economics learning, and whether these effects impact on preferences or beliefs about others’ behavior. Using a classroom survey (n>500) with novel behavioral questions we show that, compared to students in other majors, econ students report being: (i) more self-interested (in particular, less compassionate or averse to advantageous inequality) already in the first year and the difference remains among more senior students; (ii) more likely to think that people will be unwilling to work if unemployment benefits increase (thus, assuming others are motivated primarily by self-interest), but only among senior students. These results suggest self-selection in preferences and indoctrination in beliefs.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kwon Hyung Lee, Sung Hyun Son, Y. Jang, Ryou Kwang Ho
Over the past several decades, the six member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have implemented economic policies for industrial diversification to lessen severe dependence on the oil industry. Such policy efforts have been driven by their awareness of macro-economic and structural risks from heavy volatilities in international oil markets in terms of fiscal and trade sectors. For instance, the drop in international oil prices reduces export performance in the oil and natural gas sectors, which in turn results in a decline in the stability of fiscal revenue. The recent trends of low oil prices since 2014, as well as high unemployment rates, have strengthened the policy regime for industrial diversification and job creation supported by mid- to long-term economic plans of the GCC countries. This report reviews what has been emphasized in the areas of industrial, employment, trade and investment policies. We then derive implications for Korean companies and policymakers for sustainable cooperation between Korea and the Middle East.
{"title":"Economic Policies of GCC Countries in the Era of Low Oil Prices and Their Policy Implications for Korea","authors":"Kwon Hyung Lee, Sung Hyun Son, Y. Jang, Ryou Kwang Ho","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3817132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817132","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past several decades, the six member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have implemented economic policies for industrial diversification to lessen severe dependence on the oil industry. Such policy efforts have been driven by their awareness of macro-economic and structural risks from heavy volatilities in international oil markets in terms of fiscal and trade sectors. For instance, the drop in international oil prices reduces export performance in the oil and natural gas sectors, which in turn results in a decline in the stability of fiscal revenue. The recent trends of low oil prices since 2014, as well as high unemployment rates, have strengthened the policy regime for industrial diversification and job creation supported by mid- to long-term economic plans of the GCC countries. This report reviews what has been emphasized in the areas of industrial, employment, trade and investment policies. We then derive implications for Korean companies and policymakers for sustainable cooperation between Korea and the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121820863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As shown by the study conducted in 2020 by the RANEPA Center for Lifelong Learning Economics (CLLE),1 the main reasons behind the respondents’ choice in favor of secondary vocational education (SVE) can be divided into four groups: lack of proper knowledge and/or motivation to learn; shortage of family resources; a strategy of maximizing the advantages in the labor market; a strategy of choosing training in the SVE system as a step towards higher education.
{"title":"Family Resources and Youth Educational Trajectory Choices","authors":"T. Klyachko, D. Loginov, E. Lomteva, L. Bedareva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3793839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3793839","url":null,"abstract":"As shown by the study conducted in 2020 by the RANEPA Center for Lifelong Learning Economics (CLLE),1 the main reasons behind the respondents’ choice in favor of secondary vocational education (SVE) can be divided into four groups: lack of proper knowledge and/or motivation to learn; shortage of family resources; a strategy of maximizing the advantages in the labor market; a strategy of choosing training in the SVE system as a step towards higher education.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"405 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134064467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Are fairy tales merely bedtime stories that offer amusement and wisdom for children, or are they stories about how rational individuals (in a world of magic) make choices to allocate scarce resources and maximize utility? This paper proposes that fairy tales serve both purposes, therefore providing educators—specifically undergraduate instructors—with an opportunity to impart economic concepts in the classroom through the tales. As most students have been acquainted with fairy tales from childhood, incorporating them into an economics class allows the students to read the stories through a new lens of understanding making applications to concepts including scarcity, opportunity costs, utility, technology, and risk.
{"title":"Once Upon an Economics Course: Using Fairy Tales to Teach Economics","authors":"Amanda Mandzik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3776011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3776011","url":null,"abstract":"Are fairy tales merely bedtime stories that offer amusement and wisdom for children, or are they stories about how rational individuals (in a world of magic) make choices to allocate scarce resources and maximize utility? This paper proposes that fairy tales serve both purposes, therefore providing educators—specifically undergraduate instructors—with an opportunity to impart economic concepts in the classroom through the tales. As most students have been acquainted with fairy tales from childhood, incorporating them into an economics class allows the students to read the stories through a new lens of understanding making applications to concepts including scarcity, opportunity costs, utility, technology, and risk.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134019903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to introduce a new focus in educational research, specifically the importance of studying the performativity of rituals. This is explained using the example of a study of family and school rituals among German children aged 10 to 12.
{"title":"Performativity as a Focus of Educational Research","authors":"C. Wulf","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3732640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3732640","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to introduce a new focus in educational research, specifically the importance of studying the performativity of rituals. This is explained using the example of a study of family and school rituals among German children aged 10 to 12.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jared Langevin, C. Harris, Aven Satre-Meloy, Handi Chandra Putra, Andrew Speake, Elaina K Present, R. Adhikari, E. Wilson, Andrew J. Satchwell
Buildings consume 75% of U.S. electricity; therefore, improving the efficiency and flexibility of building operations could increase the reliability and resilience of the rapidly-changing electricity system. We estimate the technical potential near- and long-term impacts of best available building efficiency and flexibility measures on annual electricity use and hourly demand across the contiguous U.S. Co-deployment of building efficiency and flexibility avoids up to 742 TWh of annual electricity use and 181 GW of daily net peak load in 2030, rising to 800 TWh and 208 GW by 2050; at least 59 GW and 69 GW of the peak reductions are dispatchable. Implementing efficiency measures alongside flexibility measures reduces the potential for off-peak load increases, underscoring limitations on load shifting in efficient buildings. Overall, however, we find a substantial building-grid resource that could reduce future fossil-fired generation needs while also reducing dependence on energy storage with increasing variable renewable energy penetration.
{"title":"U.S. Building Energy Efficiency and Flexibility as an Electric Grid Resource","authors":"Jared Langevin, C. Harris, Aven Satre-Meloy, Handi Chandra Putra, Andrew Speake, Elaina K Present, R. Adhikari, E. Wilson, Andrew J. Satchwell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3767157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3767157","url":null,"abstract":"Buildings consume 75% of U.S. electricity; therefore, improving the efficiency and flexibility of building operations could increase the reliability and resilience of the rapidly-changing electricity system. We estimate the technical potential near- and long-term impacts of best available building efficiency and flexibility measures on annual electricity use and hourly demand across the contiguous U.S. Co-deployment of building efficiency and flexibility avoids up to 742 TWh of annual electricity use and 181 GW of daily net peak load in 2030, rising to 800 TWh and 208 GW by 2050; at least 59 GW and 69 GW of the peak reductions are dispatchable. Implementing efficiency measures alongside flexibility measures reduces the potential for off-peak load increases, underscoring limitations on load shifting in efficient buildings. Overall, however, we find a substantial building-grid resource that could reduce future fossil-fired generation needs while also reducing dependence on energy storage with increasing variable renewable energy penetration.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125824524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: Объектом исследования в данной научно-исследовательской работе является государственное регулирование железнодорожных грузовых перевозок. Основной целью данного исследования является изучение мирового опыта регулирования рынка железнодорожных грузовых перевозок, сравнение различных сценариев реформирования российских железных дорог в части изменения структуры рынка, поиск наиболее релевантных практик и успешных примеров соответствующей государственной политики
English Abstract: The object of research in this research work is the state regulation of rail freight traffic. The main purpose of this study is to study the world experience in regulating the rail freight transport market, compare various scenarios for reforming Russian railways in terms of changing the market structure, search for the most relevant practices and successful examples of relevant state policy.
{"title":"РЕГУЛЯТОРНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ РЫНКА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ ГРУЗОВЫХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК – МИРОВОЙ ОПЫТ И РОССИЙСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА (Regulatory Models of the Railway Freight Transportation Market - World Experience and Russian Practice)","authors":"A. Kaukin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860859","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> Объектом исследования в данной научно-исследовательской работе является государственное регулирование железнодорожных грузовых перевозок. Основной целью данного исследования является изучение мирового опыта регулирования рынка железнодорожных грузовых перевозок, сравнение различных сценариев реформирования российских железных дорог в части изменения структуры рынка, поиск наиболее релевантных практик и успешных примеров соответствующей государственной политики<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> The object of research in this research work is the state regulation of rail freight traffic. The main purpose of this study is to study the world experience in regulating the rail freight transport market, compare various scenarios for reforming Russian railways in terms of changing the market structure, search for the most relevant practices and successful examples of relevant state policy.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130536463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Russian Abstract: В рамках данной работы были проанализированы аспекты правового регулирования перечисленных видов онлайн-платформ, в частности, стандарты регулирования в рамках международных организаций, включая ОЭСР, ВТО, ЮНСИТРАЛ, МОТ, а также практики стран, включая США, страны ЕС (Франция, Нидерланды), Австралию, Канаду.
English Abstract: As part of this work, aspects of legal regulation of the listed types of online platforms were analyzed, in particular, regulatory standards within international organizations, including OECD, WTO, UNCITRAL, ILO, as well as practices of countries, including the USA, EU countries (France, Netherlands), Australia, Canada.
{"title":"АНАЛИЗ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ОНЛАЙН-ПЛАТФОРМ, СОЗДАЮЩИХ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРУ ДЛЯ РАВНОПРАВНЫХ УЧАСТНИКОВ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ (Analysis of Trends in the Regulation of Online Platforms Creating Infrastructure for Equal Participants of the Digital Economy)","authors":"Antonina Levashenko, M. Girich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3860826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3860826","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> В рамках данной работы были проанализированы аспекты правового регулирования перечисленных видов онлайн-платформ, в частности, стандарты регулирования в рамках международных организаций, включая ОЭСР, ВТО, ЮНСИТРАЛ, МОТ, а также практики стран, включая США, страны ЕС (Франция, Нидерланды), Австралию, Канаду. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> As part of this work, aspects of legal regulation of the listed types of online platforms were analyzed, in particular, regulatory standards within international organizations, including OECD, WTO, UNCITRAL, ILO, as well as practices of countries, including the USA, EU countries (France, Netherlands), Australia, Canada.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128252305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A substantial literature has studied the influence of malpractice pressure on physician behavior. However, these studies generally focus on malpractice pressure stemming from state laws that govern liability exposure, which may be unknown or not salient to physicians. We test how physicians respond to malpractice allegations made directly against them. Our sample is Emergency Department physicians in Florida, where we have the universe of data on patients and how they are treated along with a census of malpractice complaints. We find that physicians oversee 9% fewer discharges after malpractice allegations and treat each discharge 4% more expensively after an allegation. These effects are true for both allegations that result in money paid and allegations which are dropped. Further, the increase in treatment is generalized, i.e., not limited to patients with conditions similar to what the physician is reported for. The results suggest significant, if modest, impacts of malpractice claims on medical practice.
{"title":"How Do Physicians Respond to Malpractice Allegations? Evidence from Florida Emergency Departments","authors":"C. Carroll, D. Cutler, A. Jena","doi":"10.3386/W28330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W28330","url":null,"abstract":"A substantial literature has studied the influence of malpractice pressure on physician behavior. However, these studies generally focus on malpractice pressure stemming from state laws that govern liability exposure, which may be unknown or not salient to physicians. We test how physicians respond to malpractice allegations made directly against them. Our sample is Emergency Department physicians in Florida, where we have the universe of data on patients and how they are treated along with a census of malpractice complaints. We find that physicians oversee 9% fewer discharges after malpractice allegations and treat each discharge 4% more expensively after an allegation. These effects are true for both allegations that result in money paid and allegations which are dropped. Further, the increase in treatment is generalized, i.e., not limited to patients with conditions similar to what the physician is reported for. The results suggest significant, if modest, impacts of malpractice claims on medical practice.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133907691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As federal policymakers consider changes to income-driven repayment (IDR) schemes, research that examines the characteristics and financial behaviors of student loan borrowers participating in IDR is necessary. Using the nationally representative Survey of Consumer Finances, we examine demographics of IDR enrollment. Counter to expectations, low-income borrowers and borrowers with high debt-to-income ratios are less likely to enroll in IDR. Conditional on having large amount of debt, married women of color are likely to enroll in IDR programs. Research findings concerning IDR participation may be highly sensitive to how groups are defined and what covariates are in models. IDR participation does not predict engagement in other financial behaviors such as retirement savings or home-buying.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship of Enrollment in IDR to Borrower Demographics and Financial Outcomes","authors":"Daniel A. Collier, Dan Fitzpatrick, C. Marsicano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3757559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3757559","url":null,"abstract":"As federal policymakers consider changes to income-driven repayment (IDR) schemes, research that examines the characteristics and financial behaviors of student loan borrowers participating in IDR is necessary. Using the nationally representative Survey of Consumer Finances, we examine demographics of IDR enrollment. Counter to expectations, low-income borrowers and borrowers with high debt-to-income ratios are less likely to enroll in IDR. Conditional on having large amount of debt, married women of color are likely to enroll in IDR programs. Research findings concerning IDR participation may be highly sensitive to how groups are defined and what covariates are in models. IDR participation does not predict engagement in other financial behaviors such as retirement savings or home-buying.","PeriodicalId":149553,"journal":{"name":"Political Economy - Development: Public Service Delivery eJournal","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122708465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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