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Cross-Border Terrorism and the India-Pakistan Security Dilemma 跨境恐怖主义与印巴安全困境
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.56975/jetir.v12i6.564386
Sanghmitra Bairagi
This article examines the persistent challenge of cross-border terrorism between India and Pakistan within the framework of the security dilemma in international relations. It argues that the asymmetric use of non-state actors by Pakistan, under the shield of nuclear deterrence, has significantly exacerbated bilateral tensions and impeded peaceful conflict resolution. Drawing on historical events, such as the Kargil War (1999), the Mumbai attacks (2008), and the Pulwama incident (2019), the paper highlights how terrorism has blurred the lines between war and peace, creating a volatile security environment. The study further analyzes how both countries' military doctrines and political narratives have reinforced strategic mistrust. It also investigates the role of international actors and institutions including the United States, China, the United Nations, and the Financial Action Task Force in shaping the trajectory of the conflict. The article concludes by proposing multi-layered policy solutions focused on deterrence stability, counter-terrorism cooperation, economic interdependence, and people-to-people engagement as pathways toward sustainable peace in South Asia
本文探讨了在国际关系安全困境的框架内,印度和巴基斯坦之间跨境恐怖主义的持续挑战。它认为,巴基斯坦在核威慑的掩护下不对称地使用非国家行为体,大大加剧了双边紧张局势,阻碍了和平解决冲突。本文以卡吉尔战争(1999年)、孟买袭击(2008年)和普尔瓦马事件(2019年)等历史事件为例,强调了恐怖主义如何模糊了战争与和平之间的界限,创造了一个动荡的安全环境。该研究进一步分析了两国的军事理论和政治叙事如何加剧了战略不信任。它还调查了包括美国、中国、联合国和金融行动特别工作组在内的国际行动者和机构在塑造冲突轨迹方面的作用。文章最后提出了多层次的政策解决方案,重点关注威慑稳定、反恐合作、经济相互依存和民间接触,作为实现南亚可持续和平的途径
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引用次数: 0
Formalizing the Academic Digital Identity: A Conceptual Framework for Education in the Digital 学术数字身份的形式化:数字化教育的概念框架
Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.56975/jetir.v12i8.568124
Swapnil Gaidhani, Dr. Gopal Krishna Sharma
The escalating digitization of scholarly practice necessitates a re-evaluation of how academic contributions are formally recognized and accumulated. This conceptual paper conceptualizes and defines "Academic Digital Identity" (ADI), a specialized, user-centric, and verifiable digital framework designed to comprehensively document a scholar's lifelong accolades and professional journey. Drawing insights from India's experience with foundational digital identities and global discussions on fragmented academic digital footprints, this paper articulates the essential elements of ADI. It argues for its distinct purpose by critically analyzing the limitations of current top-down, federated models like India’s APAAR ID. By advocating for a Self-Sovereign (SSI) model rooted in verifiable credentials and interoperable standards, this framework aims to address current fragmentation, enhance scholarly visibility, and streamline future academic evaluation, thereby fostering a more equitable and efficient global academic ecosystem.
学术实践的不断升级的数字化需要重新评估学术贡献是如何被正式认可和积累的。这篇概念性论文对“学术数字身份”(ADI)进行了概念化和定义,这是一个专门的、以用户为中心的、可验证的数字框架,旨在全面记录学者的终身荣誉和职业生涯。从印度在基础数字身份方面的经验和全球对碎片化学术数字足迹的讨论中得出的见解,本文阐明了ADI的基本要素。它通过批判性地分析当前自上而下的联邦模式(如印度的APAAR ID)的局限性来论证其独特的目的。通过倡导基于可验证证书和可互操作标准的自我主权(SSI)模型,该框架旨在解决当前的碎片化问题,提高学术知名度,简化未来的学术评估,从而促进更公平、更高效的全球学术生态系统。
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引用次数: 0
Personal hygiene:Knowledge, attitude, and practice among higher primary school children in Urban Bengaluru, India 个人卫生:印度班加罗尔城市小学高年级学生的知识、态度和行为
Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.56975/brx2ja89
None Leonardo Chutia
Good hygiene practices is crucial to avoid the spread of communicable diseases, which can be taught to children from an early age. Children, especially school-going ones, tend to neglect basic personal hygiene and thus require specific attention to develop good habits. The aim of this study is to assess the personal hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practice of school children, as well as to examine the correlation between these three factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with students in grades six to eight attending higher primary schools. Convenience sampling was used to select the schools, while purposive sampling was employed to select the potential participants. To assess the students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding personal hygiene, a validated KAP questionnaire was used. The data collected were analysed using statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, as well as descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. Results: The study found that, almost half of the students (49.07%) displayed good knowledge regarding personal hygiene, while approximately (58.33%) held a positive attitude and (59.26%) had moderate practice regarding personal hygiene. The female students showed the highest median scores in terms of knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene. Furthermore, the study found that students' knowledge, attitude, and practice of personal hygiene increased as they progressed from sixth to eighth grade. Conclusion: The children displayed a moderate level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding personal hygiene and females demonstrating better personal hygiene than males.
良好的卫生习惯对于避免传染病的传播至关重要,这一点可以从小教给儿童。儿童,尤其是学龄儿童,往往忽视基本的个人卫生,因此需要特别注意培养良好的习惯。本研究的目的是评估学童的个人卫生知识、态度和行为,并检查这三个因素之间的相关性。方法:采用横断面研究方法对小学六至八年级学生进行调查。采用方便抽样选择学校,采用目的抽样选择潜在参与者。为了评估学生在个人卫生方面的知识、态度和实践,我们使用了一份经过验证的KAP问卷。收集的数据使用统计检验(如Mann-Whitney U、Kruskal-Wallis、Spearman’s相关性)以及描述性统计(如平均值、标准差、频率和百分比)进行分析。结果:研究发现,近一半的学生(49.07%)对个人卫生有良好的认识,约58.33%的学生对个人卫生持积极态度,59.26%的学生对个人卫生有适度的实践。女生在个人卫生知识、态度和实践方面的中位数得分最高。此外,该研究还发现,随着学生从六年级到八年级的发展,他们对个人卫生的知识、态度和实践都有所增加。结论:儿童对个人卫生的知识、态度和行为表现为中等水平,女性的个人卫生表现优于男性。
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引用次数: 0
Data for Durability for Cement Concrete Pavement and Flexible Pavement in Expansive Soil Region 膨胀土地区水泥混凝土路面和柔性路面耐久性数据
Pub Date : 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.17632/6G4ZSNCW42.1
A. Singh, M. Nigam, R. K. Srivastava
In India more than 70% of the population lives in villages and their main source of livelihood is agriculture. Because of stringent environmental rules industries are now shifting towards villages. Both of these activities require a better means of communication which can be provided by good conditioned roads. Earlier village roads had low volume of traffic, consisting mostly of rural transport vehicles, like agricultural tractors/trailers, light goods vehicles, buses, animal drawn vehicles, motorized two-wheelers and cycles. Some of the rural roads used to have light and medium trucks carrying sugarcane, timber, quarry materials, etc. Kumar et al. (1998) presented a case study of Jaipur district of India regarding rural travel characteristics and highlighted the importance of the contribution of the access roads in rural development. As of now flexible pavements are preferred for village connectivity because of the type of traffic and low initial cost of construction. But due to high cost of maintenance, sensitivity to water logging and lack of institutional set up for the maintenance, village roads deteriorate very fast especially in Expansive soil regions. Every year their several kilometers are washed away by floods and water logging. Moreover, the nature of traffic is also changing due to industrial growth in the nearby areas. Rigid pavement is an alternative to flexible pavement where the soil strength is poor, aggregate are costly and the drainage conditions are bad (as in portions of the roads passing through villages and water logged areas). However, they demand a high degree of professional expertise at the design stage, construction and maintenance besides high initial cost. The guidelines have been developed by Indian Road Congress (1RC) for the design and construction of cement concrete pavements for village roads in year 2014, named as IRC: SP : 62 – 2014 However cement Concrete Pavements are also not a sustainable option in expansive soil Thus, the policy makers, planners and engineers are bound to think about a more suitable alternative pavement for rural roads in expansive soil.
在印度,超过70%的人口生活在农村,他们的主要生计来源是农业。由于严格的环境法规,工业正在向农村转移。这两项活动都需要条件良好的道路提供更好的通讯手段。早期的乡村道路交通量很少,主要由农村运输车辆组成,如农用拖拉机/拖车、轻型货车、公共汽车、畜力车、机动两轮车和自行车。一些乡村道路上曾经有轻型和中型卡车运载甘蔗、木材、采石场材料等。库马尔等人(1998)提出了一个关于印度斋浦尔地区农村旅行特征的案例研究,并强调了道路在农村发展中的重要性。到目前为止,由于交通的类型和较低的初始建设成本,柔性路面是村庄连接的首选。但由于维修成本高、对内涝敏感以及缺乏相应的维修机构,乡村公路的退化速度非常快,特别是在膨胀土地区。每年,他们的几公里都被洪水和水涝冲走。此外,由于附近地区的工业发展,交通的性质也在发生变化。在土壤强度差、骨料昂贵和排水条件差的地方(如穿过村庄和积水地区的部分道路),刚性路面可以替代柔性路面。然而,除了高昂的初始成本外,它们在设计阶段、施工和维护方面都需要高度的专业知识。印度道路大会(1RC)为2014年农村道路水泥混凝土路面的设计和施工制定了指导方针,命名为IRC: SP: 62 - 2014。然而,水泥混凝土路面在膨胀土中也不是一种可持续的选择,因此,政策制定者、规划者和工程师必然会考虑在膨胀土中为农村道路提供更合适的替代路面。
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引用次数: 0
Neural Network Based Detection of Driver’s Drowsiness 基于神经网络的驾驶员睡意检测
Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.36227/techrxiv.14816010
Tanvi Naxane, Sayli Shrungare, Shraddha Bhandarkar, Shivani Rajhance, Tushar Kute Pranali Deshmukh
The primary purpose of this paper was to propose a way to alert sleepy drivers in the act of driving. Most of the traditional methods to detect drowsiness are based on behavioral aspects while some are intrusive and may distract drivers, while some require expensive sensors/hardware. Therefore, in this paper, driver’s drowsiness detection system is developed and implemented to aid drowsy drivers from falling asleep and to prevent accidents. The system takes images from the device as input. Using these image templates, the trained model starts execution and predicts/classifies whether the face of the person in the image is drowsy or alert. The proposed model is able to achieve accuracy of 99.93% using CNN on trained image dataset.
本文的主要目的是提出一种方法来提醒昏昏欲睡的司机在驾驶行为。大多数检测睡意的传统方法都是基于行为方面的,有些是侵入性的,可能会分散司机的注意力,而有些则需要昂贵的传感器/硬件。因此,本文开发并实现了驾驶员困倦检测系统,以帮助困倦的驾驶员入睡,防止事故的发生。系统从设备中获取图像作为输入。使用这些图像模板,训练模型开始执行并预测/分类图像中人的脸是昏昏欲睡还是警觉。该模型在训练好的图像数据集上使用CNN,准确率达到99.93%。
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引用次数: 1
Work Addiction and its Risk Factors 工作成瘾及其风险因素
Pub Date : 2021-05-10 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3836618
Hitesh Mohan, Zahoor Ahmed Lone
The study is primarily based on the context of the work addiction. The study explores the concept of the work addiction and the effects of the same on the professionals during the COVID-19. The study presents a detailed assessment of the ways to identify the work addiction and describes about the scale which is primarily used for the assessment of the work addiction. More importantly, the study discusses about the causes and the risk factors associated with the work addiction. The study also delivers a concrete discussion on the statistical analysis and the results obtained from the research. Most importantly, the study also provides a detailed discussion related to the findings of the research. Along with that, the study discusses about the implications of the research and the future directions of the study. Lastly, the study also shares a detailed assessment of the strength and limitations of the research.
该研究主要基于工作成瘾的背景。本研究探讨了COVID-19期间工作成瘾的概念及其对专业人员的影响。本研究对工作成瘾的识别方法进行了详细的评估,并描述了主要用于工作成瘾评估的量表。更重要的是,本研究探讨了与工作成瘾相关的原因和危险因素。本文还对统计分析和研究结果进行了具体讨论。最重要的是,该研究还提供了与研究结果相关的详细讨论。同时,对研究的意义和未来的研究方向进行了讨论。最后,本研究还对研究的优势和局限性进行了详细的评估。
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引用次数: 1
Standardization and HPTLC Fingerprinting of Unani compound formulation Habb-e-Muqil Jadeed 乌拉尼复方哈布-乌拉玉的标准化及hplc指纹图谱分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.5958/0974-4150.2021.00009.2
R. K. Negi, M. A. R. Naikodi, S. Sajwan, A. Khan, A. Khan, R. Meena
Standardization and evaluation of Unani formulations is very much essential to ascertain the quality of medicine. Unani medicines have played a significant role in maintaining the good health among the masses around the globe. Unani medicines are accepted as important therapeutic agents for treatment of various kinds of diseases, because of its harmonious nature with the human body. Habb-e-Muqil Jadeed a Unani Compound formulation is frequently prescribed for the treatment of Kabz (Constipation) in Unani system of medicine. In many instances, it has been noticed that due to adulterated raw herbs it is very difficult to find the genuine product in market place. The present communication deals with the proper authentification, identification, determination of physico-chemical constants, chromatographic profile, aflatoxin contamination, pesticide residue and heavy metal analysis of the formulation. The present standardization and HPTLC fingerprinting developing sets the standard for quality assurance of the formulation in the global marketing.
Unani制剂的标准化和评价对于确定药品质量至关重要。Unani药品在维护全球人民健康方面发挥了重要作用。乌纳尼药因其与人体和谐的性质而被公认为治疗各种疾病的重要治疗剂。Habb-e-Muqil jade a Unani复方制剂在Unani医学系统中经常用于治疗Kabz(便秘)。在许多情况下,人们已经注意到,由于掺假的原料草药,很难在市场上找到真正的产品。本通讯涉及配方的适当鉴定、鉴定、理化常数测定、色谱剖面、黄曲霉毒素污染、农药残留和重金属分析。目前的标准化和HPTLC指纹图谱的发展为全球市场上的制剂质量保证制定了标准。
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引用次数: 1
Secure and Efficient Application of Manet Using RSA Using Vedic Method Combine With Visual Cryptography and Identity Based Cryptography Technique 利用Vedic方法结合视觉密码和基于身份的密码技术安全高效地应用RSA加密算法
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3570567
Mohit D. Singanjude, R. Dalvi
Security and fast transmission of data is very important part of military devices. Propose technique present the secure, efficient and fast way to send images by using the Identity Based Cryptography and Visual Cryptography. In this application Identity Based Cryptography is used with Visual cryptography. In Identity based cryptography the RSA Cryptosystem is used to generate public and private key by using Ancient Indian Mathematics for fast mathematical calculation. RSA is the safest and standard algorithm. Implementation of it by using the Vedic multiplication is very efficient in term of area, speed as compared to its modern mathematics implementations. The regenerations of public and private key are adopted to make the system more secure from various attacks. Keywords— RSA Cryptosystem, MANET, Vedic Mathematics, Modular Multiplication, Identity Based Cryptography, Visual Cryptography.
数据的安全和快速传输是军事设备的重要组成部分。提出了利用基于身份的加密技术和视觉加密技术实现安全、高效、快速的图像传输的技术。在此应用程序中,基于身份的加密与可视加密一起使用。在基于身份的密码学中,RSA密码系统通过使用古印度数学进行快速数学计算来生成公钥和私钥。RSA是最安全、最标准的算法。通过使用吠陀乘法来实现它,与现代数学实现相比,在面积和速度方面非常有效。采用公钥和私钥的再生,使系统更安全,免受各种攻击。关键词:RSA密码系统,MANET,吠陀数学,模乘法,基于身份的密码,视觉密码。
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引用次数: 1
Voice Input based Attendance System 基于语音输入的考勤系统
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.35940/ijrte.a2147.059120
Jeetvan Shah, Vikas Salunkhe, J. Saturwar, Omkar Parab
System that marks attendance is software for students studying in different institutes which can also be used in companies the knowledge is stored in Admin device who takes attendance , the scholar user can give attendance in their respective classes before entering the category . This system will also be beneficial in calculating eligibility criteria of attendance of a student. The aim of developing such a system is to computerize the tradition way of taking attendance. Another purpose for developing this software is to use voice bio-metrics which give authentication of attendance using very small data size and generate the report at the top of the session with the help of automated system. The scope of the project is that the device on which the software is installed and therefore the voice authentication is completed , that is the system is developed as a Python application with firebase as a database, and it will work for a any teacher or faculty. Afterwards the program will be able to be embedded in a device.
考勤系统是针对不同学院学生的软件,也可以在公司使用,知识存储在考勤的Admin设备中,学者用户可以在进入类别之前在各自的班级进行考勤。这个系统也将有利于计算学生出勤的资格标准。开发这样一个系统的目的是将传统的考勤方式电脑化。开发该软件的另一个目的是使用语音生物识别技术,使用非常小的数据量进行出勤认证,并在自动化系统的帮助下在会议的顶部生成报告。项目的范围是安装软件的设备,因此完成了语音认证,也就是说,该系统是作为一个Python应用程序开发的,firebase作为数据库,它将适用于任何教师或教职员工。之后,该程序将能够嵌入到设备中。
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引用次数: 0
A Review of Quality Education in Bangladesh 孟加拉国素质教育的回顾
Pub Date : 2020-08-22 DOI: 10.38124/ijisrt20aug046
S. M. Tazuddin
Education is the most powerful weapon we can use to change the world and for self-enlightenment. The study is mainly based on theoretical approach and secondary data have been used. This paper is particular focus on understandings of education and quality education in Bangladesh. The paper identifies six crucial dimensions of quality education that are recurring themes of debate on quality. This study however is aimed at showcasing the importance of quality education that meet the human needs, social, community or country needs and market demand also with relevant qualifications for the suitable job. Furthermore this research seeks to explore some barriers and recommendations provide quality education basing on the perspective in Bangladesh.
教育是我们可以用来改变世界和自我启蒙的最有力的武器。本研究主要采用理论方法,并使用了二手资料。本文特别关注孟加拉国对教育和素质教育的理解。本文确定了素质教育的六个关键方面,这些方面是关于质量辩论的反复出现的主题。然而,这项研究的目的是展示素质教育的重要性,以满足人类的需求,社会,社区或国家的需求和市场的需求,并与合适的工作相关的资格。此外,本研究旨在探讨一些障碍和建议提供优质教育基于孟加拉国的观点。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research
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