Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1963292
K. Ishiguro, T. Kuranouchi, Y. Kai, K. Katayama
ABSTRACT The health benefits of purple sweetpotato, which is used as an edible food in its natural state and in processed foods and as a natural color pigment, have been recognized. In Japan, sweetpotato has been economically produced in regions below 36°4ʹN latitude; however, cultivation areas are beginning to expand further north. The anthocyanin and polyphenolics in three purple sweetpotatoes cultivated in different locations; I (42°92ʹN, 143°04ʹE) and II (31°72ʹN, 131°03ʹE), were compared over two years. Total anthocyanin and polyphenolic contents in purple sweetpotatoes tended to be high in location I. The anthocyanin and polyphenolic compositions differed between locations. The peonidin/cyanidin ratios were higher in location II compared with I in all varieties. The relative amount of 3,4- and 4,5-di-O-caffeoyolquinic acids were higher in location II. Their contents and composition also differed between years. These results suggest that the variability of the anthocyanin and polyphenolic content and composition was influenced by climate conditions, probably temperature during cultivation. This study indicates that northern areas in Japan are an alternative production area and may yield higher amounts of anthocyanin and polyphenolics. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Comparison of anthocyanin and polyphenolics in purple sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) grown in different locations in Japan","authors":"K. Ishiguro, T. Kuranouchi, Y. Kai, K. Katayama","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1963292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1963292","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The health benefits of purple sweetpotato, which is used as an edible food in its natural state and in processed foods and as a natural color pigment, have been recognized. In Japan, sweetpotato has been economically produced in regions below 36°4ʹN latitude; however, cultivation areas are beginning to expand further north. The anthocyanin and polyphenolics in three purple sweetpotatoes cultivated in different locations; I (42°92ʹN, 143°04ʹE) and II (31°72ʹN, 131°03ʹE), were compared over two years. Total anthocyanin and polyphenolic contents in purple sweetpotatoes tended to be high in location I. The anthocyanin and polyphenolic compositions differed between locations. The peonidin/cyanidin ratios were higher in location II compared with I in all varieties. The relative amount of 3,4- and 4,5-di-O-caffeoyolquinic acids were higher in location II. Their contents and composition also differed between years. These results suggest that the variability of the anthocyanin and polyphenolic content and composition was influenced by climate conditions, probably temperature during cultivation. This study indicates that northern areas in Japan are an alternative production area and may yield higher amounts of anthocyanin and polyphenolics. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"84 - 94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45793943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943465
Shunsuke Oe, Daisuke Sasayama, Quanshu Luo, H. Fukayama, T. Hatanaka, T. Azuma
ABSTRACT We screened 80 Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars for the presence of the submergence-tolerance gene SUB1A-1 and the floating genes SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2), and found that the deepwater rice cultivar Baisbish (BSB) and the submergence-tolerant cultivar Flood Resistant 13A (FR13A) both possess the SUB1A-1 and the SK1/2. When BSB and FR13A seedlings were completely submerged, spindly growth of shoots was induced in BSB but not in FR13A. Submergence significantly increased the SUB1A-1 transcript abundance in BSB and FR13A shoots, but the expression level in BSB was much lower than that of FR13A. Submergence also induced the expression of both ERF66 and ERF67, the transcriptional targets of SUB1A-1, in FR13A shoots, whereas it upregulated the expression of ERF67 but not that of ERF66 in BSB shoots. These results suggest that BSB could not display submergence tolerance due to the low expression of SUB1A-1 and/or ERF66 under submergence. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Growth responses of seedlings under complete submergence in rice cultivars carrying both the submergence-tolerance gene SUB1A-1 and the floating genes SNORKELs","authors":"Shunsuke Oe, Daisuke Sasayama, Quanshu Luo, H. Fukayama, T. Hatanaka, T. Azuma","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943465","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT We screened 80 Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars for the presence of the submergence-tolerance gene SUB1A-1 and the floating genes SNORKEL1 (SK1) and SNORKEL2 (SK2), and found that the deepwater rice cultivar Baisbish (BSB) and the submergence-tolerant cultivar Flood Resistant 13A (FR13A) both possess the SUB1A-1 and the SK1/2. When BSB and FR13A seedlings were completely submerged, spindly growth of shoots was induced in BSB but not in FR13A. Submergence significantly increased the SUB1A-1 transcript abundance in BSB and FR13A shoots, but the expression level in BSB was much lower than that of FR13A. Submergence also induced the expression of both ERF66 and ERF67, the transcriptional targets of SUB1A-1, in FR13A shoots, whereas it upregulated the expression of ERF67 but not that of ERF66 in BSB shoots. These results suggest that BSB could not display submergence tolerance due to the low expression of SUB1A-1 and/or ERF66 under submergence. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"70 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45152713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-02DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943464
A. Ghafoor, H. Karim, M. Asghar, A. Raza, M. Hussain, Hafiz Hassan Javed, I. Shafiq, P. Xiao, H. Yue, B. Ahmad, A. Manzoor, U. Ali, Yongcheng Wu
ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted in 2018–2020 to investigate the effect of two nitrogen application rates (N0 = 0 kg ha−1(control), N90 = 90 kg ha−1, and N180 = 180 kg ha−1) on morphological and physiological behaviours of two new rapeseed varieties; V1 = JYJS01 (semi-dwarf variety) and V2 = CY36 (tall variety). Our results indicated that N application enhanced the plant growth and seed protein content in comparison to control. Contrastingly, compared with control, sugar contents, i.e. sucrose and reducing sugars, decreased significantly in response to an increase in N. Seed oil content also decreased by 8.5% and 5.5%, 6.7% and 3.9% against N180 in V1 and V2 during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Furthermore, higher nitrogen application rates decreased seed fatty acid proportions by decreasing the sugar availability for fatty acid biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated the highest seed yield (9.4 g plant−1 in 2018/19 and 9.5 g plant−1 in 2019/20) in V2 against N180, and the lowest seed yield (3.2 g plant−1 in 2018/19 and 3.4 g plant−1 in 2019/20) in V1 at control. These findings imply that a high nitrogen application rate had increased the yield. At the same time, the carbohydrates translocation from stems to seed for fatty acid biosynthesis decreased, which played their significant role in seed physiology for fatty acid metabolisms, ultimately affected the seed quality. However, there is still a dire need to evaluate how nitrogen application affect the carbohydrate availability for fatty acid metabolism in the seed of new winter rapeseed varieties. Graphical abstract
摘要在2018-2020年进行了一项田间试验，研究了两种施氮量（N0=0 kg ha−1（对照）、N90=90 kg ha−2和N180=180 kg ha−3）对两个油菜新品种形态和生理行为的影响；V1=JYJS01（半矮秆品种）和V2=CY36（高大品种）。我们的结果表明，与对照相比，施氮提高了植物生长和种子蛋白质含量。相比之下，与对照相比，糖含量，即蔗糖和还原糖，随着N含量的增加而显著下降。2019年和2020年，V1和V2的籽油含量也分别比N180下降8.5%和5.5%、6.7%和3.9%。此外，较高的氮施用率通过降低脂肪酸生物合成的糖可利用性来降低种子脂肪酸比例。我们的研究结果表明，在对照组中，V2的种子产量最高（2018/19年为9.4 g植物−1，2019/20年为9.5 g植物−2），V1的种子产量最低（2018-19年为3.2 g植物−3，2019/2年为3.4 g植物−4）。这些发现表明，高氮施用率提高了产量。同时，碳水化合物从茎向种子进行脂肪酸生物合成的转运减少，这在种子的脂肪酸代谢生理中发挥了重要作用，最终影响了种子的品质。然而，仍然迫切需要评估施氮如何影响冬油菜新品种种子中脂肪酸代谢的碳水化合物有效性。图形摘要
{"title":"Carbohydrates accumulation, oil quality and yield of rapeseed genotypes at different nitrogen rates","authors":"A. Ghafoor, H. Karim, M. Asghar, A. Raza, M. Hussain, Hafiz Hassan Javed, I. Shafiq, P. Xiao, H. Yue, B. Ahmad, A. Manzoor, U. Ali, Yongcheng Wu","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943464","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted in 2018–2020 to investigate the effect of two nitrogen application rates (N0 = 0 kg ha−1(control), N90 = 90 kg ha−1, and N180 = 180 kg ha−1) on morphological and physiological behaviours of two new rapeseed varieties; V1 = JYJS01 (semi-dwarf variety) and V2 = CY36 (tall variety). Our results indicated that N application enhanced the plant growth and seed protein content in comparison to control. Contrastingly, compared with control, sugar contents, i.e. sucrose and reducing sugars, decreased significantly in response to an increase in N. Seed oil content also decreased by 8.5% and 5.5%, 6.7% and 3.9% against N180 in V1 and V2 during 2019 and 2020, respectively. Furthermore, higher nitrogen application rates decreased seed fatty acid proportions by decreasing the sugar availability for fatty acid biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated the highest seed yield (9.4 g plant−1 in 2018/19 and 9.5 g plant−1 in 2019/20) in V2 against N180, and the lowest seed yield (3.2 g plant−1 in 2018/19 and 3.4 g plant−1 in 2019/20) in V1 at control. These findings imply that a high nitrogen application rate had increased the yield. At the same time, the carbohydrates translocation from stems to seed for fatty acid biosynthesis decreased, which played their significant role in seed physiology for fatty acid metabolisms, ultimately affected the seed quality. However, there is still a dire need to evaluate how nitrogen application affect the carbohydrate availability for fatty acid metabolism in the seed of new winter rapeseed varieties. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"50 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943464","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45502221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-27DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943467
T. Tsukaguchi, Haruka Kobayashi, Y. Fujihara, Shunsuke Chono
ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to find the best vegetation index (VI) associated with plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage in rice, to associate the number of spikelets with this VI and solar radiation, and to estimate the number of spikelets. Rice cultivars Ishikawa 65 and Koshihikari were grown in the field in 2019 and 2020 at various nitrogen application rates and transplanting densities. From 30 days before heading to just after heading, the field was imaged with a multispectral camera. The images were processed with predefined ground control point data to create VI maps. From the maps, VI data were retrieved from the canopy area where plants were harvested for the determination of plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage and of the number of spikelets at maturity. Among 6 VIs tested, the chlorophyll index green (CIgreen) had the highest coefficient of determination (R 2) with plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage and was the only VI with a linear relation with plant nitrogen content. The number of spikelets per unit area was well explained by multiple regression with CIgreen at 15 days before heading (CIG15) and cumulative solar radiation in the 15 days before heading (CSR15) as independent variables. A higher CIG15 would increase the number of spikelets differentiated and a higher CSR15 would reduce the rate of degeneration by increasing dry matter production. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Estimation of spikelet number per area by UAV-acquired vegetation index in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"T. Tsukaguchi, Haruka Kobayashi, Y. Fujihara, Shunsuke Chono","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943467","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to find the best vegetation index (VI) associated with plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage in rice, to associate the number of spikelets with this VI and solar radiation, and to estimate the number of spikelets. Rice cultivars Ishikawa 65 and Koshihikari were grown in the field in 2019 and 2020 at various nitrogen application rates and transplanting densities. From 30 days before heading to just after heading, the field was imaged with a multispectral camera. The images were processed with predefined ground control point data to create VI maps. From the maps, VI data were retrieved from the canopy area where plants were harvested for the determination of plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage and of the number of spikelets at maturity. Among 6 VIs tested, the chlorophyll index green (CIgreen) had the highest coefficient of determination (R 2) with plant nitrogen content at the reproductive stage and was the only VI with a linear relation with plant nitrogen content. The number of spikelets per unit area was well explained by multiple regression with CIgreen at 15 days before heading (CIG15) and cumulative solar radiation in the 15 days before heading (CSR15) as independent variables. A higher CIG15 would increase the number of spikelets differentiated and a higher CSR15 would reduce the rate of degeneration by increasing dry matter production. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"20 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943467","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41933711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943466
Kohtaro Iseki, O. Olaleye, R. Matsumoto
ABSTRACT Mutual leaf shading can inhibit the growth of yam, reducing tuber yield. To improve light utilization, approximately 25% of leaves in a plant were thinned during the period of maximum shoot growth. Shoot dry weight was estimated every two weeks using a non-destructive method. Leaf thinning caused higher shoot growth rates (SGRs) after thinning, while control plants had SGRs close to zero. The higher SGRs in the thinned plants was attributed to an increase in new leaf development. This indicates that the plateau in shoot growth commonly observed during the late growth period is reversible and could be improved artificially. In thinned plants, there was a positive relationship between shoot dry weight and SGR, although no such relationship was observed in control plants after the middle growth period. This positive correlation indicates a higher shoot growth per unit leaf area in the thinned plants than in the control plants, presumably due to improved light utilization and a higher photosynthetic rate of new leaves. However, leaf thinning reduced tuber yields, presumably because of a lower total carbon assimilation per plant and greater growth competition between shoots and tubers. High correlations between shoot dry weight and tuber yield indicated that a high shoot biomass is more important than improving light utilization for increased tuber yields. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Effect of leaf thinning on shoot growth and tuber yield of white Guinea yam","authors":"Kohtaro Iseki, O. Olaleye, R. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943466","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mutual leaf shading can inhibit the growth of yam, reducing tuber yield. To improve light utilization, approximately 25% of leaves in a plant were thinned during the period of maximum shoot growth. Shoot dry weight was estimated every two weeks using a non-destructive method. Leaf thinning caused higher shoot growth rates (SGRs) after thinning, while control plants had SGRs close to zero. The higher SGRs in the thinned plants was attributed to an increase in new leaf development. This indicates that the plateau in shoot growth commonly observed during the late growth period is reversible and could be improved artificially. In thinned plants, there was a positive relationship between shoot dry weight and SGR, although no such relationship was observed in control plants after the middle growth period. This positive correlation indicates a higher shoot growth per unit leaf area in the thinned plants than in the control plants, presumably due to improved light utilization and a higher photosynthetic rate of new leaves. However, leaf thinning reduced tuber yields, presumably because of a lower total carbon assimilation per plant and greater growth competition between shoots and tubers. High correlations between shoot dry weight and tuber yield indicated that a high shoot biomass is more important than improving light utilization for increased tuber yields. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1943466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47644694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1927766
Keisuke Suematsu, Masaru Tanaka, S. Isobe
ABSTRACT Ipomoea trifida, the closest relative of sweetpotato, does not generally form storage roots, but some lines develop thick roots similar to the storage roots of the sweetpotato. Revealing the molecular mechanism of thick root development in I. trifida would help us understand the evolution of storage roots in the sweetpotato. In this study, we conducted a mapping method for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) known as QTL-seq, which is a kind of next-generation sequencing-based bulk segregant analysis. We performed QTL-seq using a backcross population (BC1F1) derived from two I. trifida lines: Mx23Hm, which does not show root-thickening; and 0431-1, which produces thick roots. The aim was to identify the QTL region involved in thick root development. As a result, a major QTL for root thickness (qRT1) was detected in the 2.94–8.71 Mb region of chr06 of Itr_r2.2, in both pot and field experiments. Six DNA markers were designed for qRT1 using InDels on chr06. Genotyping each BC1F1 individual based on these DNA markers agreed well with the SNP-Index of QTL-seq. Moreover, most individuals with 0431-1-type alleles of qRT1 developed thicker roots than individuals without 0431-1-type alleles of qRT1 in the BC2F2 population. The results of this study implied that qRT1 was an important QTL for regulating root thickness in I. trifida. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Identification of a major QTL for root thickness in diploid wild sweetpotato (Ipomoea trifida) using QTL-seq","authors":"Keisuke Suematsu, Masaru Tanaka, S. Isobe","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1927766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1927766","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Ipomoea trifida, the closest relative of sweetpotato, does not generally form storage roots, but some lines develop thick roots similar to the storage roots of the sweetpotato. Revealing the molecular mechanism of thick root development in I. trifida would help us understand the evolution of storage roots in the sweetpotato. In this study, we conducted a mapping method for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) known as QTL-seq, which is a kind of next-generation sequencing-based bulk segregant analysis. We performed QTL-seq using a backcross population (BC1F1) derived from two I. trifida lines: Mx23Hm, which does not show root-thickening; and 0431-1, which produces thick roots. The aim was to identify the QTL region involved in thick root development. As a result, a major QTL for root thickness (qRT1) was detected in the 2.94–8.71 Mb region of chr06 of Itr_r2.2, in both pot and field experiments. Six DNA markers were designed for qRT1 using InDels on chr06. Genotyping each BC1F1 individual based on these DNA markers agreed well with the SNP-Index of QTL-seq. Moreover, most individuals with 0431-1-type alleles of qRT1 developed thicker roots than individuals without 0431-1-type alleles of qRT1 in the BC2F2 population. The results of this study implied that qRT1 was an important QTL for regulating root thickness in I. trifida. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"120 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1927766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44900444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1914513
Yui-ichi Wakabayashi, R. Morita, J. Yamagishi, N. Aoki
ABSTRACT The non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) stored in rice stems (culm plus leaf sheaths) at pre-heading stage is one of the major carbon sources for grain filling. In this study, we conducted field experiments in 2018 and 2019 using two varieties, Momiroman (japonica-dominant) and Teqing (indica), which have different accumulation and remobilization patterns of NSC in the stems. We analyzed NSC dynamics of each of the five nodal segments of internodes and leaf sheaths at pre- and post-heading stages. The dynamics of NSC at pre- and post-heading stages differed among segments. The lower segments of internodes and leaf sheaths accumulated more NSC at pre-heading stage compared to the upper segments in both varieties. The lower internodes in Teqing were morphologically larger than in Momiroman and would be able to store more NSC. However, the upper parts of the stems required biomass for development and formation at the stage of NSC accumulation in stems. Momiroman had longer upper internodes and leaf sheaths and required more biomass than Teqing. The NSC remobilization was later in the upper than the lower internodes for both varieties, which led to the delay of NSC remobilization in the entire culm after heading. These results indicated that ideal morphology of stems, to maximize the potential contribution of stem NSC as the carbon source for grain filling, is large lower internodes and short upper internodes and leaf sheaths. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Varietal difference in dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in nodal segments of stem in two varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) at pre- and post-heading stages","authors":"Yui-ichi Wakabayashi, R. Morita, J. Yamagishi, N. Aoki","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1914513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1914513","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) stored in rice stems (culm plus leaf sheaths) at pre-heading stage is one of the major carbon sources for grain filling. In this study, we conducted field experiments in 2018 and 2019 using two varieties, Momiroman (japonica-dominant) and Teqing (indica), which have different accumulation and remobilization patterns of NSC in the stems. We analyzed NSC dynamics of each of the five nodal segments of internodes and leaf sheaths at pre- and post-heading stages. The dynamics of NSC at pre- and post-heading stages differed among segments. The lower segments of internodes and leaf sheaths accumulated more NSC at pre-heading stage compared to the upper segments in both varieties. The lower internodes in Teqing were morphologically larger than in Momiroman and would be able to store more NSC. However, the upper parts of the stems required biomass for development and formation at the stage of NSC accumulation in stems. Momiroman had longer upper internodes and leaf sheaths and required more biomass than Teqing. The NSC remobilization was later in the upper than the lower internodes for both varieties, which led to the delay of NSC remobilization in the entire culm after heading. These results indicated that ideal morphology of stems, to maximize the potential contribution of stem NSC as the carbon source for grain filling, is large lower internodes and short upper internodes and leaf sheaths. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"30 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1914513","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44412986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-23DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1915694
Kazuko Morino, M. Chiba, K. Umemura
ABSTRACT Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), a synthetic derivative of the plant hormone jasmonic acid, has been identified as a plant growth regulator used in various fruit and rice seedlings. In this study, we demonstrate the inhibition of transpiration by PDJ in the indica rice cultivar cv. Takanari compared with commercially available microcrystalline and paraffin wax agents in a greenhouse. Microcrystalline and paraffin wax agents inhibited approximately 30%–50% transpiration 3 h after application, and the inhibition lasted for seven days after treatment, depending on the concentration and the agent used. In contrast, PDJ inhibited approximately 40%–80% transpiration compared with control 0.5 h after treatment, and the effect lasted for one day. However, the effect almost disappeared 7 days after treatment. Thus, PDJ affects transpiration differently than commercially available products and could be used to lower excess transpiration in rice, specifically when an early, transient, and reversible inhibition is needed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
{"title":"Inhibition of transpiration in rice by prohydrojasmon compared with that by commercially available microcrystalline and paraffin wax agents","authors":"Kazuko Morino, M. Chiba, K. Umemura","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1915694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1915694","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prohydrojasmon (PDJ), a synthetic derivative of the plant hormone jasmonic acid, has been identified as a plant growth regulator used in various fruit and rice seedlings. In this study, we demonstrate the inhibition of transpiration by PDJ in the indica rice cultivar cv. Takanari compared with commercially available microcrystalline and paraffin wax agents in a greenhouse. Microcrystalline and paraffin wax agents inhibited approximately 30%–50% transpiration 3 h after application, and the inhibition lasted for seven days after treatment, depending on the concentration and the agent used. In contrast, PDJ inhibited approximately 40%–80% transpiration compared with control 0.5 h after treatment, and the effect lasted for one day. However, the effect almost disappeared 7 days after treatment. Thus, PDJ affects transpiration differently than commercially available products and could be used to lower excess transpiration in rice, specifically when an early, transient, and reversible inhibition is needed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"43 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1915694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43201528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2021.1908152
Yukihiro Makino, Y. Hirooka, K. Homma, Rintaro Kondo, Tian-sheng Liu, Liangde Tang, T. Nakazaki, Zhengjin Xu, T. Shiraiwa
ABSTRACT Increasing the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa) is the main objective of breeders and cultivators engaged in rice improvement programs. Erect panicle (EP) rice is generally high-yielding with panicles that remain non-curved until maturation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of agronomic traits with rice productivity in EP rice. Here, we used the recombinant inbred lines (RILs), crosses between Liaojing5 (erect panicle japonica type) and Wanlun422 (high-yielding indica type). The yield varied among the RILs, and the flag leaf length of EP RILs was negatively correlated with the yield; however, the correlation was not significant in the non-EP RILs. The flag leaf length of the EP RILs was also negatively correlated with biomass increase during the late ripening stage. This may reflect the canopy structure of the EP RILs with short flag leaves which had a larger leaf area index in the lower strata. Additionally, the chlorophyll content in the lower leaf significantly differed among the EP RILs with flag leaves of different lengths, resulting in a higher photosynthetic ability of the lower leaf of EP RILs with short flag leaves. In the present study, an EP line, which has the shortest flag leaf, showed a higher yield than Wanlun422 in both years. EP RILs with short flag leaves might show a higher canopy photosynthetic rate in the later ripening stage; therefore, this trait could be a potential phenotypic marker for achieving high yield of EP rice. Graphical Abstract
{"title":"Effect of flag leaf length of erect panicle rice on the canopy structure and biomass production after heading","authors":"Yukihiro Makino, Y. Hirooka, K. Homma, Rintaro Kondo, Tian-sheng Liu, Liangde Tang, T. Nakazaki, Zhengjin Xu, T. Shiraiwa","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2021.1908152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1908152","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increasing the yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa) is the main objective of breeders and cultivators engaged in rice improvement programs. Erect panicle (EP) rice is generally high-yielding with panicles that remain non-curved until maturation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of agronomic traits with rice productivity in EP rice. Here, we used the recombinant inbred lines (RILs), crosses between Liaojing5 (erect panicle japonica type) and Wanlun422 (high-yielding indica type). The yield varied among the RILs, and the flag leaf length of EP RILs was negatively correlated with the yield; however, the correlation was not significant in the non-EP RILs. The flag leaf length of the EP RILs was also negatively correlated with biomass increase during the late ripening stage. This may reflect the canopy structure of the EP RILs with short flag leaves which had a larger leaf area index in the lower strata. Additionally, the chlorophyll content in the lower leaf significantly differed among the EP RILs with flag leaves of different lengths, resulting in a higher photosynthetic ability of the lower leaf of EP RILs with short flag leaves. In the present study, an EP line, which has the shortest flag leaf, showed a higher yield than Wanlun422 in both years. EP RILs with short flag leaves might show a higher canopy photosynthetic rate in the later ripening stage; therefore, this trait could be a potential phenotypic marker for achieving high yield of EP rice. Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2021.1908152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43790127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1080/1343943X.2020.1820877
K. Juang, Meng Lin, C. Hou
ABSTRACT Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important food staple in developing countries in Africa, West Indies, the Pacific region, and Southeast Asia. Because taro can be grown in almost all tropical regions of the world, it will play a crucial role in food security. The use of organic mulches, which contribute to soil water management, weed control, and fertilization simultaneously, shows promise as an eco-friendly approach in agronomy. In the present study, a field experiment including two cropping seasons (I and II) was conducted to evaluate the effects of water regimes with organic mulching on the taro growth and corm nutritive values. In results, compared with that under the upland regime, taro cultivation under the flooding regime had a higher level of soil fertility and better weed control. The flooding regime promoted more the taro plant growth and further enhanced the yields of the harvested corms; also, sugarcane bagasse and rice husk would be the superior mulch to obtain better corm attributes. By contrast, cultivation under the upland regime enhanced the nutritive values of taro corm more than did that under the flooding regime. Regardless of the upland or flooded regime, mulching treatments with rice husk could enrich taro corm nutrition more than could those with sugarcane bagasse and peanut hull. Also, the effects of water regime and mulching on taro plant growth and corm attributes would be varied with the rainfalls during the period of vegetative growth. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Influences of water management combined with organic mulching on taro plant growth and corm nutrition","authors":"K. Juang, Meng Lin, C. Hou","doi":"10.1080/1343943X.2020.1820877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943X.2020.1820877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is an important food staple in developing countries in Africa, West Indies, the Pacific region, and Southeast Asia. Because taro can be grown in almost all tropical regions of the world, it will play a crucial role in food security. The use of organic mulches, which contribute to soil water management, weed control, and fertilization simultaneously, shows promise as an eco-friendly approach in agronomy. In the present study, a field experiment including two cropping seasons (I and II) was conducted to evaluate the effects of water regimes with organic mulching on the taro growth and corm nutritive values. In results, compared with that under the upland regime, taro cultivation under the flooding regime had a higher level of soil fertility and better weed control. The flooding regime promoted more the taro plant growth and further enhanced the yields of the harvested corms; also, sugarcane bagasse and rice husk would be the superior mulch to obtain better corm attributes. By contrast, cultivation under the upland regime enhanced the nutritive values of taro corm more than did that under the flooding regime. Regardless of the upland or flooded regime, mulching treatments with rice husk could enrich taro corm nutrition more than could those with sugarcane bagasse and peanut hull. Also, the effects of water regime and mulching on taro plant growth and corm attributes would be varied with the rainfalls during the period of vegetative growth. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":20259,"journal":{"name":"Plant Production Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"152 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1343943X.2020.1820877","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46418588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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