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TRANSFORMATION OF PROPERTY TAXATION AS TOOL TO REDUCE THE MONETARY INEQUALITY OF CITIREUS 转变财产税作为工具,减少城市的货币不平等
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202225
A. Pugachev
Monetary inequality is one of the most pressing socio-economic problems for Russia. Taxes have so far failed to reduce inequality. Not only income taxation of citizens, but also property taxation has the potential to smooth it out. In Russia, the share of property taxes of individuals in the tax revenues of the budget is significantly lower than in many developed countries. It is shown that property taxes of individuals have a serious potential both in increasing the budget security of regions and municipalities, and in smoothing inequality. In Russia, the tools for smoothing inequality among property taxes include benefits for certain categories of citizens; transport tax on expensive cars («luxury tax»); reduction of the tax base for the property tax of individuals by the cadastral value of 20 sq. m. for apartments and 50 sq. m. for residential buildings. Taking into account foreign experience, it is proved that the introduction of inheritance and gift taxes, as well as an increase in property tax rates for owners of many real estate objects, can be significant within the framework of smoothing monetary inequality.
货币不平等是俄罗斯最紧迫的社会经济问题之一。到目前为止,税收未能减少不平等。不仅是公民的所得税,财产税也有可能解决这个问题。在俄罗斯,个人财产税在预算税收中所占的份额比许多发达国家要低得多。研究表明,个人财产税在提高地区和市政当局的预算安全以及消除不平等方面具有重要的潜力。在俄罗斯,消除财产税之间不平等的工具包括:为某些类别的公民提供福利;昂贵汽车的运输税(“奢侈税”);将个人财产税的计税基数按地籍价值20平方减计。公寓和50平方米。M.用于住宅建筑。考虑到国外的经验,事实证明,在平滑货币不平等的框架内,引入遗产税和赠与税,以及提高许多房地产所有者的房产税率,可能是重要的。
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引用次数: 0
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING OF THE ASIAN PART OF RUSSIA: STATE, PROSPECTS 俄罗斯亚洲部分机械工程:现状与展望
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202226
A. V. Sokolov, V. A. Bazhanov
The article discusses the state and trends in the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of the Russian Federation. Under the Asian part of Russia in the article is meant a set of subjects of the federation of the Siberian and Far Eastern federal districts, as well as the Tyumen region. Mechanical engineering is presented in the article by three types of economic activity, corresponding to the positions in the tables of the statistical collection «Regions of Russia: socio-economic indicators». The analysis of the state of machine-building activities was carried out according to the data of collections for 2006-2021, and the prospects for their development were determined by the texts of the state strategic planning documents in force at the time of writing. The results of the analysis showed that the Asian part of Russia is characterized by an outpacing of the rates of output of machine-building products in comparison with the average for the Russian Federation. The periods of ups and downs for the AChR and the Russian Federation as a whole are almost identical — any specificity of the AChR in this matter is not observed. We note only serious differences in the trends of the indicator for the last three years of the period under review — 2018-2020. An analysis of regional strategies revealed a commonality of intentions and opportunities for the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of Russia, especially in terms of investment support for achieving strategic goals. The article presents three possible scenarios for the development of mechanical engineering in the Asian part of Russia.
本文论述了俄罗斯联邦亚洲地区机械工程发展的现状和趋势。文章中俄罗斯的亚洲部分是指西伯利亚和远东联邦区以及秋明地区的一系列联邦主体。机械工程在文章中通过三种类型的经济活动来呈现,对应于统计集“俄罗斯地区:社会经济指标”表中的位置。对机械制造活动状况的分析是根据2006-2021年收集的数据进行的,其发展前景是根据撰写本文时有效的国家战略规划文件的文本确定的。分析的结果表明,俄罗斯的亚洲部分的特点是机器制造产品的产出率高于俄罗斯联邦的平均水平。美洲人权委员会和整个俄罗斯联邦的起伏时期几乎是相同的- -没有观察到美洲人权委员会在这个问题上的任何特点。我们注意到,在本报告所述期间的最后三年(2018-2020年),该指标的趋势存在严重差异。对区域战略的分析揭示了俄罗斯亚洲部分机械工程发展的共同意图和机会,特别是在实现战略目标的投资支持方面。文章提出了俄罗斯亚洲部分机械工程发展的三种可能情景。
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引用次数: 0
TAX ECOSYSTEM AS A DIGITAL ECONOMY ELEMENT: A SYSTEM-INTEGRAL APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION 作为数字经济要素的税收生态系统:一种系统整合的构建方法
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202218
N. Viktorova, E. N. Evstigneev
The article is devoted to the development prospects of the Russian tax system as a digital economy element. It continues the previously published author’s developments and touches upon the problem of the formation of the tax ecosystem. Taking into account the existing domestic and foreign school of system analysis, a system-integral approach to the construction of a hypothetical model of such a system is proposed. For this, three research strata have been identified: systemic, platform, integral-technological. The filling of the hypothetical model of the tax ecosystem (GMNE) in a symbolic form is outlined. Author’s definitions of two concepts are offered: tax ecosystem, digital ecosystem platform. Moreover, the second concept is disclosed in the context of 12 meaningful representations of the model. The instrumental and technological support of the GMNE is systematized in each supporting subsystem of the model. Directions for the formation and improvement of certain types of support are indicated. A working version of the GMNE is described, which allows you to start developing a simulation model for the purpose of designing, analyzing and evaluating the functioning of the tax ecosystem. Conclusions are drawn and proposals are formulated.
本文致力于探讨俄罗斯税收制度作为数字经济要素的发展前景。它继续以前出版的作者的发展,并触及税收生态系统的形成问题。结合国内外现有的制度分析学派,提出了一种系统积分的方法来构建这种制度的假设模型。为此,确定了系统、平台、整体技术三个研究层次。本文概述了以符号形式填充税收生态系统(GMNE)的假设模型。对税收生态系统、数字生态平台这两个概念进行了界定。此外,在模型的12个有意义表示的上下文中公开了第二个概念。在该模型的各个支持子系统中,系统地提供了GMNE的仪器和技术支持。指出了形成和改进某些类型支护的方向。描述了GMNE的工作版本,它允许您开始开发模拟模型,用于设计,分析和评估税收生态系统的功能。得出结论并提出建议。
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引用次数: 0
THE CONCEPT AND APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF INTEGRATION OF TERRITORIAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: TO THE FORMULATION OF THE ISSUE 研究领土社会经济系统一体化的概念和方法:问题的拟定
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202229
A. Trotskovsky, I. Y. Kaplinskaya, L. Rodionova
The importance of the development of the Russian economy as a comprehensive and sovereign system is increasing under the influence of external shocks. To this matter, the question of the economy’s spatial nature in regards to the deepening of integration processes between regions becomes particularly important. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for analyzing the mechanisms of integrating the economies of the regions of the Siberian Federal District, assessing the integration potential of the Altai Krai. The empirical object of study is the Altai Krai. The subject of the study are the various forms and types of connections between the region and the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The paper considers a number of topical issues of interregional integration. A general assessment of the state of scientific research in this area is given. Insufficient empirical knowledge of interregional relations, the absence of comparable methodological approaches to the assessment of integration processes in macroregions are noted. The possibility of using methodological developments in the field of international integration research for the analysis of interregional interaction is substantiated and shown. Approaches to assessing the degree of «maturity» of interregional integration are outlined. The «mechanism» of integration is revealed as the unity of the driving forces of this process and the factors that determine it, in relation to different types of interregional relations. The ambiguity of the consequences of integration for the socio-economic development of regions is shown, depending on the basis on which interregional relations are formed (cooperation or competition).
在外部冲击的影响下,俄罗斯经济发展作为一个全面的主权体系的重要性日益凸显。就此而言,经济在区域间一体化进程深化方面的空间性质问题变得尤为重要。这项研究的目的是为分析西伯利亚联邦区各地区经济一体化的机制、评估阿尔泰边疆区一体化的潜力奠定理论和方法基础。研究的实证对象是阿尔泰边疆区。研究的主题是该地区与西伯利亚联邦区地区之间的各种形式和类型的联系。本文考虑了区域间一体化的一些专题问题。对这一领域的科学研究状况作了总体评价。报告指出,对区域间关系的经验知识不足,缺乏评估宏观区域一体化进程的可比方法。利用国际一体化研究领域的方法学发展来分析区域间相互作用的可能性得到证实和展示。概述了评估区域间一体化“成熟”程度的方法。一体化的“机制”被揭示为这一过程的驱动力和决定它的因素的统一,涉及不同类型的区域间关系。一体化对各区域社会经济发展的影响是模糊不清的,这取决于形成区域间关系的基础(合作或竞争)。
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引用次数: 0
ON SOME ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN URBAN MANAGEMENT 浅谈城市管理数字化转型的几个方面
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202223
V. Mischenko, L. Kapustyan, I. Strizhkina
The article is devoted to the issues of digital transformation of management in the field of urban economy, priorities for improving its efficiency. Special attention is paid to rating analysis and evaluation of the «IQ of Cities’ Index. The results of the implementation of the Smart City project in this territory are also disclosed. The necessity of training the personnel of state and municipal administration bodies in end-to-end digital technologies within the framework of the Digital Economy project is substantiated. The main directions of urban economy development in the digital environment are considered within the framework of the document «Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030» and the National Project «Digital Economy», which in turn, includes, a number of subprojects, one of which is «Digital Public Administration», as well as the federal project «Smart the city». The article discusses the specific results of regional policy in the field of digitalization of the economy in the Altai Territory, considers the goals and objectives set in federal national projects. The problems of project implementation and urban management. The problem of the availability of qualified personnel in the field of municipal administration is considered in detail. Specific ways of solving this problem, identified as a result of monitoring and conducting scientific events, are proposed.
本文探讨了城市经济管理领域的数字化转型问题,以及提高城市经济管理效率的重点。特别注意的是评级分析和评估«城市的智商”指数。同时还披露了该地区实施智慧城市项目的结果。在数字经济项目框架内对国家和市政管理机构人员进行端到端数字技术培训的必要性得到了证实。数字环境下城市经济发展的主要方向是在《2017-2030年俄罗斯联邦信息社会发展战略》和国家项目《数字经济》的框架内考虑的,该项目包括一系列子项目,其中之一是《数字公共管理》,以及联邦项目《智慧城市》。本文讨论了阿尔泰地区在经济数字化领域的区域政策的具体成果,考虑了联邦国家项目中设定的目标和目的。项目实施与城市管理的问题。详细审议了在市政管理领域获得合格人员的问题。通过监测和开展科学活动,提出了解决这一问题的具体方法。
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引用次数: 0
PAYMENT FACTOR FOR POWER IN THE POWER INDUSTRY: PLUSES AND MINUSES FOR THE ECONOMY 电力行业的电力支付因素:对经济的有利和不利
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.14258/epb202222
I. S. Mezhov, A. Yashchenko
The article deals with the problem of reproduction of generating capacities in the aspect of building a rational investment mechanism. Since it is now working, it cannot satisfy consumers of electricity. Almost all experts say that there is only one alternative — reducing the cost of energy consumption in order to increase the competitiveness of the economy. The pricing mechanism does not allow generating companies to generate capital for their own development. A method was devised to withdraw funds from consumers to support and commission generating capacities through the so-called capacity sale mechanism. However, no matter how this non-economic method of withdrawing funds from consumers is argued, in the end, these amounts place an additional burden on the economy. Obviously, there cannot be an efficiently functioning electric power industry without the «consumption» sector, without developing and growing industry and, as a result, growing productive power consumption. One of the conditions for economic growth is the condition of economically justified production costs. Due to geographic and country conditions, the cost of electrical energy for industrial consumers in the Russian Federation is higher than abroad, and consumption due to climatic conditions is higher. In terms of electricity costs, our industry is losing the competition.
本文从构建合理的投资机制的角度探讨了发电能力再生产问题。由于它现在正在工作,它不能满足电力消费者。几乎所有的专家都表示,只有一个选择,那就是降低能源消耗成本,以提高经济竞争力。定价机制不允许发电企业为自身发展筹集资金。设计了一种方法,通过所谓的容量销售机制,从消费者那里提取资金,以支持和委托发电能力。然而,不管这种从消费者那里提取资金的非经济方法如何被争论,这些金额最终会给经济带来额外的负担。显然,如果没有“消费”部门,没有工业的发展和增长,因此,生产用电的增长,就不可能有一个有效运作的电力工业。经济增长的条件之一是经济上合理的生产成本。由于地理和国家条件,俄罗斯联邦工业消费者的电力成本高于国外,由于气候条件造成的消耗更高。就电力成本而言,我们的行业正在失去竞争优势。
{"title":"PAYMENT FACTOR FOR POWER IN THE POWER INDUSTRY: PLUSES AND MINUSES FOR THE ECONOMY","authors":"I. S. Mezhov, A. Yashchenko","doi":"10.14258/epb202222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/epb202222","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of reproduction of generating capacities in the aspect of building a rational investment mechanism. Since it is now working, it cannot satisfy consumers of electricity. Almost all experts say that there is only one alternative — reducing the cost of energy consumption in order to increase the competitiveness of the economy. The pricing mechanism does not allow generating companies to generate capital for their own development. A method was devised to withdraw funds from consumers to support and commission generating capacities through the so-called capacity sale mechanism. However, no matter how this non-economic method of withdrawing funds from consumers is argued, in the end, these amounts place an additional burden on the economy. Obviously, there cannot be an efficiently functioning electric power industry without the «consumption» sector, without developing and growing industry and, as a result, growing productive power consumption. One of the conditions for economic growth is the condition of economically justified production costs. Due to geographic and country conditions, the cost of electrical energy for industrial consumers in the Russian Federation is higher than abroad, and consumption due to climatic conditions is higher. In terms of electricity costs, our industry is losing the competition.","PeriodicalId":230380,"journal":{"name":"Economics Profession Business","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127893232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POVERTY ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION IN ALTAI KRAI 阿尔泰边疆区人口贫困分析
Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.14258/epb202219
Y. Ilinykh, Z. Kozlova
This article analyzes the level of poverty of the population of the Russian Federation and the Altai Territory, reveals the content of the main indicators of poverty. They made it possible to determine interregional differences and spatial differentiation of the level of poverty in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical data for 2010-2022 are given. in terms of the subsistence minimum and the share of the population that has incomes less than the subsistence minimum, which makes it possible to assess and analyze the level of poverty in the region. The methods that are used in the Altai Territory to eliminate this problem are identified, the most promising tools for reducing poverty are substantiated both in the field of employment policy and wages, and in the field of increasing the effectiveness of the implementation of social support measures for the population. The main technologies of state and local authorities to overcome the poverty of the population are considered. Solving the problem of poverty in Russia and the Altai Territory should become a priority task of the government’s internal socio-economic policy.
本文分析了俄罗斯联邦和阿尔泰地区人口的贫困水平,揭示了主要贫困指标的内容。它们使人们能够在俄罗斯联邦各组成实体的范围内确定区域间差异和贫困程度的空间差别。给出了2010-2022年的统计数据。根据最低生活水平和收入低于最低生活水平的人口比例,这使得有可能评估和分析该区域的贫困程度。确定了在阿尔泰领土为消除这一问题所使用的方法,在就业政策和工资领域以及在提高执行对人口的社会支助措施的效力方面证实了减少贫穷的最有希望的工具。考虑了国家和地方当局克服人口贫困的主要技术。解决俄罗斯和阿尔泰地区的贫困问题应成为政府内部社会经济政策的优先任务。
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引用次数: 0
DEPOPULATION OF THE POPULATION OF SIBERIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESETTLEMENT PROBLEM IN RUSSIA 从俄罗斯移民安置问题看西伯利亚人口的减少
Pub Date : 2022-06-14 DOI: 10.14258/epb202215
O. Askanova
Understanding the problem of depopulation in Siberia prompted the author to study the current demographic situation in the Siberian Federal District and the factors that determined it. The comparative analysis results of statistical information for individual regions of the Siberian Federal District allow us to speak of the so-called «Western drift», the result of which is the pulling of the country’s population to the central part of Russia, which exacerbates the resettlement problem. The dynamics of demographic processes in Siberia is characterized by a significant decline of the population and an increase in the demographic burden, which acts as a serious limiter on the potential for the reproduction of the population in Siberian region in future, contributing to socio-economic stagnation. Clearly realizing that the reasons for the population decline in Siberian Federal District depend on the socio-economic situation, the author focuses on studying the dynamics of the ratio of cash income and wages in the Siberian regions with the average Russian ones, showing that the disproportions that have existed for many years are not decreasing, but growing. As one of the reasons for the current situation the author considers the polarity of views of Russian power elite representatives on the resettlement problem.
对西伯利亚人口减少问题的认识促使作者研究西伯利亚联邦区的人口现状及其影响因素。对西伯利亚联邦区各个地区的统计资料进行比较分析的结果使我们能够谈到所谓的“向西迁移”,其结果是把我国的人口拉到俄罗斯中部地区,这加剧了重新安置问题。西伯利亚人口进程的动态特点是人口大幅减少,人口负担增加,这严重限制了西伯利亚地区未来人口再生产的潜力,造成社会经济停滞。作者清楚地认识到西伯利亚联邦区人口减少的原因取决于社会经济状况,着重研究了西伯利亚地区的现金收入和工资与俄罗斯平均水平之比的动态,表明多年来存在的不平衡不仅没有减少,而且还在增加。作为造成这种现状的原因之一,笔者认为俄罗斯权力精英代表在安置问题上的观点是两极分化的。
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引用次数: 1
THE METAVERSE AS A GLOBAL ECONOMIC TREND 超宇宙是一种全球经济趋势
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.14258/epb202201
T. Alаbinа, K. S. Dzangieva, A. Yushkovskaya
The article discusses a new global trend in the development of the economy called the “metaverse”, announced in October 2021 by Mark Elliot Zuckerberg as a result of improved interaction between a person and new information technologies (digitalization), including the real world, virtual space, the spiritual world and the fantasy world as interconnected levels. Based on the approaches of various authors, the author’s vision of the metaverse as a transformational stage in the subsequent development of the digital economy is proposed through the use of end-to-end technologies such as Big data, gamification technologies, augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR), blockchain and others: the concept is defined, presented the main elements, the principles of the functioning of the metaverse, its advantages and disadvantages are disclosed. In the course of the study of futurologists’ forecasts, a strategic assumption was made that the metaverse as a global economic trend can contribute to the transformation of the chaos of future digitalization into an interaction system, become a platform for economic entities and a successful strategic project.
这篇文章讨论了被称为“虚拟世界”的全球经济发展新趋势,马克·埃利奥特·扎克伯格于2021年10月宣布了这一趋势,这是由于人与新信息技术(数字化)之间的互动得到改善,包括现实世界、虚拟空间、精神世界和幻想世界作为相互关联的层面。基于不同作者的方法,作者通过使用端到端技术,如大数据、游戏化技术、增强(AR)和虚拟现实(VR)、区块链等,提出了虚拟世界作为数字经济后续发展的转型阶段的愿景:定义了虚拟世界的概念,提出了虚拟世界的主要要素,揭示了虚拟世界的运作原理,揭示了虚拟世界的优势和劣势。在对未来学家的预测进行研究的过程中,提出了一个战略性的假设,即作为一种全球经济趋势,元宇宙可以帮助未来数字化的混乱转变为一个互动系统,成为经济实体的平台和一个成功的战略项目。
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引用次数: 3
INTEGRATION RELATIONS OF ALTAI TERRITORY WITH THE SIBERIAN REGIONS: PREREQUISITES FOR FORMATION AND RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 阿尔泰地区与西伯利亚地区的整合关系:形成的前提与研究局限
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.14258/epb202213
A. Trotskovsky, Y. Perekarenkova, L. Rodionova, A. Sergienko
The article is devoted to the characterization of the prerequisites for formation and limitations of the study of the integration ties of the Altai Territory with the regions of the Siberian Federal District. The results of a study focused on the development of theoretical and methodological foundations of mechanisms and driving forces for formation of integrated socio-economic space of Altai Territory with the regions of the Siberian Federal District and an assessment of the integration potential of Altai Territory are presented. The conclusion is made about the need for systematization and generalization of literature on this topic. The conclusion about the insufficient economic potential of Altai Territory to overcome а lag behind other regions of the SFD in terms of socio-economic development and to activate of interregional ties is substantiated. A noticeable integration potential is inherent in the food industry, although there are a number of obstacles for its implementation. The influence of coke production, machinery and equipment on the interregional trade scale is significant. The estimation of changes in the population incomes of Altai Territory at various stages of the economy is given. The limitations of the research of the interregional movement of goods and population imposed by specifics of statistical accounting are considered. An assessment of consequences of inadequate reflection of commodity and migration flows on the study results is given.
本文致力于描述阿尔泰地区与西伯利亚联邦区地区一体化关系研究的先决条件和局限性。介绍了阿尔泰边疆区与西伯利亚联邦区形成一体化社会经济空间的机制和驱动力的理论和方法基础的发展以及阿尔泰边疆区一体化潜力的评估的研究结果。最后,提出了对相关文献进行系统化和概括的必要性。关于阿尔泰领土在社会经济发展和激活区域间联系方面没有足够的经济潜力来克服落后于南斯拉夫其他区域的经济落后的结论得到了证实。食品工业具有明显的整合潜力,尽管在实施方面存在一些障碍。焦炭生产、机械设备对区域间贸易规模的影响显著。对阿尔泰地区各经济发展阶段的人口收入变化进行了估计。考虑到统计会计的具体规定对区域间货物和人口流动研究的限制。对商品和移民流动未充分反映对研究结果的影响进行了评估。
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引用次数: 0
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Economics Profession Business
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