Doris Kosminsky, Jagoda Walny, Jo Vermeulen, S. Knudsen, Wesley Willett, Sheelagh Carpendale
Abstract Data visualizations are often represented in public discourse as objective proof of facts. However, a visualization is only a single translation of reality, just like any other media, representation devices, or modes of representation. If we wish to encourage thoughtful, informed, and literate consumption of data visualizations, it is crucial that we consider why they are often presented and interpreted as objective. We reflect theoretically on data visualization as a system of representation historically anchored in science, rationalism, and notions of objectivity. It establishes itself within a lineage of conventions for visual representations which extends from the Renaissance to the present and includes perspective drawing, photography, cinema and television, as well as computer graphics. By examining our tendency to see credibility in data visualizations and grounding that predisposition in a historical context, we hope to encourage more critical and nuanced production and interpretation of data visualizations in the public discourse.
{"title":"Belief at first sight","authors":"Doris Kosminsky, Jagoda Walny, Jo Vermeulen, S. Knudsen, Wesley Willett, Sheelagh Carpendale","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.1.04kos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.1.04kos","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data visualizations are often represented in public discourse as objective proof of facts. However, a visualization is only a single translation of reality, just like any other media, representation devices, or modes of representation. If we wish to encourage thoughtful, informed, and literate consumption of data visualizations, it is crucial that we consider why they are often presented and interpreted as objective. We reflect theoretically on data visualization as a system of representation historically anchored in science, rationalism, and notions of objectivity. It establishes itself within a lineage of conventions for visual representations which extends from the Renaissance to the present and includes perspective drawing, photography, cinema and television, as well as computer graphics. By examining our tendency to see credibility in data visualizations and grounding that predisposition in a historical context, we hope to encourage more critical and nuanced production and interpretation of data visualizations in the public discourse.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45037498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract David Sless’s journey to information designer coincides with the history of IDJ. David’s first paper was published in the second issue (1979). David’s journey alongside IDJ included the generosity of Peter Simlinger of IIID (1980s) and the encouragement of Paul Stiff of Reading University (1990s). IDJ is still a vital part of David’s life.
{"title":"IDJ at my side","authors":"D. Sless","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.3.10sle","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.3.10sle","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract David Sless’s journey to information designer coincides with the history of IDJ. David’s first paper was published in the second issue (1979). David’s journey alongside IDJ included the generosity of Peter Simlinger of IIID (1980s) and the encouragement of Paul Stiff of Reading University (1990s). IDJ is still a vital part of David’s life.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"325-329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46294618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Although pie charts remain a highly popular genre for visualizing data, evident partly by their continued use in corporate annual reports, designers and theorists and have long critiqued and even denigrated them. This conflicted relationship with pie charts has resulted largely from their paucity of data, labeling difficulties, and perceptual weaknesses. Like many primary data design genres, however, pie charts attained their conventional status as a result of a long evolutionary process, initiated in the later nineteenth century by experimentation, hybrid forms, and data-rich designs. After the subsequent simplification and minimizing effects of twentieth-century modernism, pie charts have begun to experience a reemergence of innovation with digital data design, which has reintroduced hybridity into pie charts, vastly enlarged their data domain, and addressed at least some of their perceived weaknesses.
{"title":"Pervasive and perplexing pies","authors":"C. Kostelnick","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.2.04kos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.2.04kos","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although pie charts remain a highly popular genre for visualizing data, evident partly by their continued use in corporate annual reports, designers and theorists and have long critiqued and even denigrated them. This conflicted relationship with pie charts has resulted largely from their paucity of data, labeling difficulties, and perceptual weaknesses. Like many primary data design genres, however, pie charts attained their conventional status as a result of a long evolutionary process, initiated in the later nineteenth century by experimentation, hybrid forms, and data-rich designs. After the subsequent simplification and minimizing effects of twentieth-century modernism, pie charts have begun to experience a reemergence of innovation with digital data design, which has reintroduced hybridity into pie charts, vastly enlarged their data domain, and addressed at least some of their perceived weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"192-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/idj.25.2.04kos","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45629893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The development of information about medicines for patients in the last thirty years provides a fascinating information design case study. Throughout this period three main principles have remained stable: an absolute focus on patients, performance based design, and a thorough design process. These principles are likely to remain valid for future developments.
{"title":"Information about medicines in Europe","authors":"K. V. D. Waarde","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.3.08van","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.3.08van","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of information about medicines for patients in the last thirty years provides a fascinating information design case study. Throughout this period three main principles have remained stable: an absolute focus on patients, performance based design, and a thorough design process. These principles are likely to remain valid for future developments.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45652835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Self-driving cars and autonomous transportation systems are projected to create radical societal changes, yet public understanding and trust of self-driving cars and autonomous systems is limited. The authors present a new mixed-reality experience designed to provide its users with insights into the ways that self-driving cars operate. A single-person vehicle equipped with sensors provides its users with data driven visual feedback in a virtual reality headset to navigate in physical space. The authors explore how immersive experiences might provide ‘conceptual affordances’ that lower the entry barrier for diverse audiences to discuss complex topics.
{"title":"Who wants to be a self-driving car?","authors":"J. Lee, Benedikt Groß, Raphael Reimann","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.1.02lee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.1.02lee","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Self-driving cars and autonomous transportation systems are projected to create radical societal changes, yet public\u0000 understanding and trust of self-driving cars and autonomous systems is limited. The authors present a new mixed-reality experience designed\u0000 to provide its users with insights into the ways that self-driving cars operate. A single-person vehicle equipped with sensors provides its\u0000 users with data driven visual feedback in a virtual reality headset to navigate in physical space. The authors explore how immersive\u0000 experiences might provide ‘conceptual affordances’ that lower the entry barrier for diverse audiences to discuss complex topics.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This study focuses on a comparison between the writing of Brazilian teachers and students, especially the visual organization of handwriting during the third year of primary school. Data was collected from observing eight different classes for 10 school days each. The analytical corpus was mainly composed of handwritten activities and graphical variations to the writing called textual graphic tools, which were classified within a framework based on the fields of graphic and rhetoric communication. The results compared the teacher and student graphical solutions for informational tasks, and while students reproduced the teachers’ visual strategies, especially the manipulation of space, they also possessed their own practices, where they displayed several creative means to sequence listed items.
{"title":"The visual organization of handwriting","authors":"Renata Cadena, Solange Coutinho","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.2.02cad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.2.02cad","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focuses on a comparison between the writing of Brazilian teachers and students, especially the visual organization of handwriting during the third year of primary school. Data was collected from observing eight different classes for 10 school days each. The analytical corpus was mainly composed of handwritten activities and graphical variations to the writing called textual graphic tools, which were classified within a framework based on the fields of graphic and rhetoric communication. The results compared the teacher and student graphical solutions for informational tasks, and while students reproduced the teachers’ visual strategies, especially the manipulation of space, they also possessed their own practices, where they displayed several creative means to sequence listed items.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/idj.25.2.02cad","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42381089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper goes back to the 1970s, the decade when IDJ was born, to recall a collaboration with Marie Neurath of the Isotype Institute. The project challenged a widely published research project on Isotype charts by psychologist Magdalen Vernon, and the original sketches and design drafts are used to make observations about Isotype, design expertise and design research.
{"title":"Learning from Vernon’s Isotype test","authors":"Robert Waller","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.3.04wal","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.3.04wal","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper goes back to the 1970s, the decade when IDJ was born, to recall a collaboration with Marie Neurath of the Isotype Institute. The project challenged a widely published research project on Isotype charts by psychologist Magdalen Vernon, and the original sketches and design drafts are used to make observations about Isotype, design expertise and design research.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44196996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite a long association between information design and semiotics, connections remain limited in many respects. This contribution argues that one reason for this is the traditionally weak connection between semiotics and empirical methods. To counter this, a model of multimodal communication is introduced in which theoretical description and empirical research are tightly bound methodologically. Several illustrations of the relevance of the model for information design are offered.
{"title":"Information design and multimodality","authors":"J. Bateman","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.3.02bat","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.3.02bat","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite a long association between information design and semiotics, connections remain limited in many respects. This contribution argues that one reason for this is the traditionally weak connection between semiotics and empirical methods. To counter this, a model of multimodal communication is introduced in which theoretical description and empirical research are tightly bound methodologically. Several illustrations of the relevance of the model for information design are offered.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"249-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47135097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comprehensive framework is presented for analyzing and specifying an extensive range of visualizations, such as statistical charts, maps, family trees, Venn diagrams, flow charts, texts using indenting, technical drawings and scientific illustrations. This paper describes how the fundamental ‘DNA’ building blocks of visual encoding and composition can be combined into ‘visualization patterns’ that specify these and other types of visualizations. We offer different ways of specifying each visualization pattern, including through a DNA tree diagram and through a rigorously systematic natural language sentence. Using this framework, a design tool is proposed for exploring visualization design options.
{"title":"The DNA of information design for charts and diagrams","authors":"C. Richards, Y. Engelhardt","doi":"10.1075/idj.25.3.05ric","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/idj.25.3.05ric","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A comprehensive framework is presented for analyzing and specifying an extensive range of visualizations, such as\u0000 statistical charts, maps, family trees, Venn diagrams, flow charts, texts using indenting, technical drawings and scientific\u0000 illustrations. This paper describes how the fundamental ‘DNA’ building blocks of visual encoding and composition can be combined\u0000 into ‘visualization patterns’ that specify these and other types of visualizations. We offer different ways of specifying each\u0000 visualization pattern, including through a DNA tree diagram and through a rigorously systematic natural language sentence. Using\u0000 this framework, a design tool is proposed for exploring visualization design options.","PeriodicalId":35109,"journal":{"name":"Information Design Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"277-292"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49092435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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