Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-109-121
E. Lepekhova
This article discusses the philosophical views of Seno Giro (1890–1961), the founder of the movement “Shinko Bukkyo Seinen Domei” (“Youth League of the Revival of Buddhism”). The study shows that Seno Giro sought to develop his own original philosophy, combining a complex of Buddhist doctrines and the main aspects of socialism, which was popular in the liberal Japanese circles at that time. The paper analyzes the main trends of his movement, which was focused on the reformation of traditional Buddhist institutions and the creation of a Buddhism that would be more suitable for the requirements of the modern era. The evolution of Seno Giro’s views is traced from a simple adherence to the dogmas of Nitirenism to the idea that Buddhism, if it were reorganized on the basis of the ideas of Western philosophy, could be a solution to the social problems caused by capitalism. Thus, it is concluded that Seno Giro not only called for a complete reformation of Japanese Buddhism (as many Japanese intellectuals of that time did), but also sought its practical implementation, considering the synthesis of socialism and Buddhism as the most appropriate option. According to Seno Giro, the study of the political philosophy of socialism would help to awaken Buddhists from their “dogmatic sleep”, and Buddhism, in turn, would complement socialist atheism and materialism with humanistic ethics, due to the fact that it lacks the monotheism and creationism inherent in Christianity.
{"title":"Buddhism and socialism in the philosophy of Seno’o Giro (1890–1961)","authors":"E. Lepekhova","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-109-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-109-121","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the philosophical views of Seno Giro (1890–1961), the founder of the movement “Shinko Bukkyo Seinen Domei” (“Youth League of the Revival of Buddhism”). The study shows that Seno Giro sought to develop his own original philosophy, combining a complex of Buddhist doctrines and the main aspects of socialism, which was popular in the liberal Japanese circles at that time. The paper analyzes the main trends of his movement, which was focused on the reformation of traditional Buddhist institutions and the creation of a Buddhism that would be more suitable for the requirements of the modern era. The evolution of Seno Giro’s views is traced from a simple adherence to the dogmas of Nitirenism to the idea that Buddhism, if it were reorganized on the basis of the ideas of Western philosophy, could be a solution to the social problems caused by capitalism. Thus, it is concluded that Seno Giro not only called for a complete reformation of Japanese Buddhism (as many Japanese intellectuals of that time did), but also sought its practical implementation, considering the synthesis of socialism and Buddhism as the most appropriate option. According to Seno Giro, the study of the political philosophy of socialism would help to awaken Buddhists from their “dogmatic sleep”, and Buddhism, in turn, would complement socialist atheism and materialism with humanistic ethics, due to the fact that it lacks the monotheism and creationism inherent in Christianity.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67624795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.23977/phij.2022.010105
Xiang Ye
: There are many great civilizations, and these civilizations have created unique worldviews. The development of political concepts plays a huge role in the progress of society, and looking at the influence mechanism of political concepts with philosophical thinking helps to consolidate the in modern Chinese history, the term "Celestial Empire" appears frequently, what in modern Chinese history, the term "Celestial Empire" appears frequently, what kind of worldview this is, and what kind of impact it has brought to China, this article will briefly analyze this worldview.
{"title":"Analysis of the Mechanism of Political Concept Generation from a Philosophical Perspective--Take the \"Celestial Empire\" as an Example","authors":"Xiang Ye","doi":"10.23977/phij.2022.010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23977/phij.2022.010105","url":null,"abstract":": There are many great civilizations, and these civilizations have created unique worldviews. The development of political concepts plays a huge role in the progress of society, and looking at the influence mechanism of political concepts with philosophical thinking helps to consolidate the in modern Chinese history, the term \"Celestial Empire\" appears frequently, what in modern Chinese history, the term \"Celestial Empire\" appears frequently, what kind of worldview this is, and what kind of impact it has brought to China, this article will briefly analyze this worldview.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68788573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-174-188
T. Obolevitch
The article examines the role that Czechoslovakia played in S.L. Frank’s life and philosophical path, especially the famous “Russian Action” initiated by President T.G. Masaryk. The previously unknown publications of Franck published in Czechoslovakia are established, due to which the bibliography of the philosopher is enriched. We made an attempt to establish the reasons why Frank ultimately refused to move to Prague, despite numerous invitations from other Russian emigrants. A special place is devoted to Frank’s participation at the Eighth International Congress in Prague, which took place in 1934. On the basis of archival materials, we consider the circumstances of Frank’s invitation to the congress, the contents of his lecture “The Present Spiritual Situation and the Idea of Negative Theology” held on September 5, 1934, in the “Religion and Philosophy” section, and Frank’s speech in the discussion with the Dutch philosopher H.J. Pos. The general historical and philosophical context of S.L. Frank’s talk at the Congress is reconstructed, taking into account the sociopolitical situation of the 1930s. In addition, the reception of Frank’s report by Russian thinker on the basis of remarks on his lecture as well as his own texts, which represent a review of the Eighth International Congress, is considered.
{"title":"The participation of S.L. Frank in The Eighth International Congress of Philosophy in Prague","authors":"T. Obolevitch","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-174-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-174-188","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the role that Czechoslovakia played in S.L. Frank’s life and philosophical path, especially the famous “Russian Action” initiated by President T.G. Masaryk. The previously unknown publications of Franck published in Czechoslovakia are established, due to which the bibliography of the philosopher is enriched. We made an attempt to establish the reasons why Frank ultimately refused to move to Prague, despite numerous invitations from other Russian emigrants. A special place is devoted to Frank’s participation at the Eighth International Congress in Prague, which took place in 1934. On the basis of archival materials, we consider the circumstances of Frank’s invitation to the congress, the contents of his lecture “The Present Spiritual Situation and the Idea of Negative Theology” held on September 5, 1934, in the “Religion and Philosophy” section, and Frank’s speech in the discussion with the Dutch philosopher H.J. Pos. The general historical and philosophical context of S.L. Frank’s talk at the Congress is reconstructed, taking into account the sociopolitical situation of the 1930s. In addition, the reception of Frank’s report by Russian thinker on the basis of remarks on his lecture as well as his own texts, which represent a review of the Eighth International Congress, is considered.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67625198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-189-194
J. Rogozinski
Many periodicals responded to the message that the “philosopher of corporeality”, the “thinker of being-together” passed away. Detailed reflections on Nancy’s place in the modern intellectual landscape were also published in Russia. In the first publication of this text written in memory of his colleague, Jacob Rogozinsky traces the movement of his thought on issues with which the name Nancy is inextricably linked, describes his approach and his own method in research on religion, body, community, democracy, which glorified him all over the world and which indicate the greatness of this philosophers for our time.
{"title":"Farewell to Jean-Luc Nancy","authors":"J. Rogozinski","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-189-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-189-194","url":null,"abstract":"Many periodicals responded to the message that the “philosopher of corporeality”, the “thinker of being-together” passed away. Detailed reflections on Nancy’s place in the modern intellectual landscape were also published in Russia. In the first publication of this text written in memory of his colleague, Jacob Rogozinsky traces the movement of his thought on issues with which the name Nancy is inextricably linked, describes his approach and his own method in research on religion, body, community, democracy, which glorified him all over the world and which indicate the greatness of this philosophers for our time.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67625265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-64-79
Tapdyg K. Kerimov
The article analyzes two presentations of non-philosophy, which was the main subject of a discussion between Gilles Deleuze and Francois Laruelle. The context of actualization of non-philosophy, the principles and content of its implementation in the works of G. Deleuze and F. Laruelle are revealed. From the comparison and identification of controversial points inherent in these two views, the hypothesis of the positive limit of philosophy is singled out. The latter, in contrast to the appropriated and abolished negative limit, points not to the incompleteness of philosophy and the intensification of its totalizing aspirations, but to its inconceivable possibility. The author shows that formally and structurally, the non-philosophies of G. Deleuze and F. Laruelle are identical. In non-philosophy, we are not talking about the end or overcoming of philosophy. Non-philosophy is not antiphilosophy, not the exteriority or the other of philosophy, but a “foundation”, an unthinkable place to which philosophy always already belongs, but which it is unable to describe. The discrepancy between the two presentations of non-philosophy is most clearly manifested when discussing this unthinkable place. For F. Laruelle, this unthinkable place is the radical immanence of the One-Real; for G. Deleuze, the plane of immanence bordering on chaos. The article concludes that the projects of non-philosophy, with all their differences, reveal the fundamental principle of insufficient philosophy. On the one hand, no form of description can exhaust the multiplicity of the real. On the other hand, the possibilities of thought are irreducible to the idiom of philosophical cognition. The plurality of descriptions raises before us the question of their combinations, the forms of their interaction, the language of their mutual understanding.
{"title":"Non-philosophy and the limits of philosophy: G. Deleuze and F. Laruelle","authors":"Tapdyg K. Kerimov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-64-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-64-79","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes two presentations of non-philosophy, which was the main subject of a discussion between Gilles Deleuze and Francois Laruelle. The context of actualization of non-philosophy, the principles and content of its implementation in the works of G. Deleuze and F. Laruelle are revealed. From the comparison and identification of controversial points inherent in these two views, the hypothesis of the positive limit of philosophy is singled out. The latter, in contrast to the appropriated and abolished negative limit, points not to the incompleteness of philosophy and the intensification of its totalizing aspirations, but to its inconceivable possibility. The author shows that formally and structurally, the non-philosophies of G. Deleuze and F. Laruelle are identical. In non-philosophy, we are not talking about the end or overcoming of philosophy. Non-philosophy is not antiphilosophy, not the exteriority or the other of philosophy, but a “foundation”, an unthinkable place to which philosophy always already belongs, but which it is unable to describe. The discrepancy between the two presentations of non-philosophy is most clearly manifested when discussing this unthinkable place. For F. Laruelle, this unthinkable place is the radical immanence of the One-Real; for G. Deleuze, the plane of immanence bordering on chaos. The article concludes that the projects of non-philosophy, with all their differences, reveal the fundamental principle of insufficient philosophy. On the one hand, no form of description can exhaust the multiplicity of the real. On the other hand, the possibilities of thought are irreducible to the idiom of philosophical cognition. The plurality of descriptions raises before us the question of their combinations, the forms of their interaction, the language of their mutual understanding.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67625628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-102-114
D. Nebolsin
This article is devoted to reconstruction, analysis and contextualization of a relatively little-known issue in history of interdisciplinary debates on the pictorial and the visual. According to some theories, pictorial representation is described through the model where the image substitutes its subject. It turns out that this idea, which at first glance seems to be nothing more than a convenient explanatory metaphor, contains a number of unexpected philosophical implications and directions for further development of this same idea. This is due to the fact that the concept of substitution allows one to step back from the usual idea of representation viewed as a similarity or a reference. Thus, the art historian Ernst Gombrich came to the methodologically productive idea of dominance of the visual function over form, using substitution as the framework of a polemic against more traditional theories of images. For his part, the analytical philosopher Kendall Walton extended Gombrich’s observations to the original theory of art, in which representation is explained through the concepts of fiction, imagination and participation; in turn, the philosopher of perception Alva Noë proposed a concept that clarifies relationships between visual substitution, perceptual experience, and human cognitive abilities. This article also demonstrates that the concept of substitution is gaining special theoretical relevance due to its thematic proximity to the studies of recents decades, including those within the framework of visual studies, image theory and Bildwissenschaft. The author considers the most prominent examples of this proximity: discussions on the problems of pictorial presence, affective and irrational responses to images, as well as Horst Bredekamp’s concept in which substitution is treated as one of the forms of image acts. It is demonstrated that the concept of visual representation as substitution turns out to be a rather productive theoretical tool that makes it possible to consider the factors, which are rarely mentioned side by side, that can be significant for the studies of visual imagery. The paper also reveals the features of considered account due to which it may be applied as complementary to other theories of depiction.
{"title":"Depiction as substitution: from Gombrich to visual studies","authors":"D. Nebolsin","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-102-114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-102-114","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to reconstruction, analysis and contextualization of a relatively little-known issue in history of interdisciplinary debates on the pictorial and the visual. According to some theories, pictorial representation is described through the model where the image substitutes its subject. It turns out that this idea, which at first glance seems to be nothing more than a convenient explanatory metaphor, contains a number of unexpected philosophical implications and directions for further development of this same idea. This is due to the fact that the concept of substitution allows one to step back from the usual idea of representation viewed as a similarity or a reference. Thus, the art historian Ernst Gombrich came to the methodologically productive idea of dominance of the visual function over form, using substitution as the framework of a polemic against more traditional theories of images. For his part, the analytical philosopher Kendall Walton extended Gombrich’s observations to the original theory of art, in which representation is explained through the concepts of fiction, imagination and participation; in turn, the philosopher of perception Alva Noë proposed a concept that clarifies relationships between visual substitution, perceptual experience, and human cognitive abilities. This article also demonstrates that the concept of substitution is gaining special theoretical relevance due to its thematic proximity to the studies of recents decades, including those within the framework of visual studies, image theory and Bildwissenschaft. The author considers the most prominent examples of this proximity: discussions on the problems of pictorial presence, affective and irrational responses to images, as well as Horst Bredekamp’s concept in which substitution is treated as one of the forms of image acts. It is demonstrated that the concept of visual representation as substitution turns out to be a rather productive theoretical tool that makes it possible to consider the factors, which are rarely mentioned side by side, that can be significant for the studies of visual imagery. The paper also reveals the features of considered account due to which it may be applied as complementary to other theories of depiction.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67623848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-51-68
I. Mikhailov
The author proposes a conception in which society and a person are understood as a nested computing system of a multi-agent architecture. The ‘Computational’ as a concept extends beyond the Turing machine and is considered as the ability to compute and predict statistical distributions that best match the characteristics of the external environment to achieve the optimal value of an assumed control variable. Society induces the rules of behavior in agents similarly to the way by which a magnetic field induces a current in a moving conductor. Induction is carried out by selecting the patterns of behavior empirically derived by individuals and certifying the patterns that are most useful for achieving the target indicators of the system. Certified rules are perceived by individuals as, on the one hand, immanent to them, and on the other, as generally allowing for their violation, since both individual agents and the whole society are statistical machines. The objective probability of non-compliance with a rule is perceived as moral freedom, and hormonal reinforcement of adherence to the general rule is perceived as a sense of moral duty. The computational approach to morality overcomes the inductivism of naturalistic and utilitarian theories, and at the same time scientifically explains the ‘transcendentality’ of moral law, without resorting to idealistic metaphysics, as does Kantian deontism.
{"title":"Social computations and the origin of moral norms","authors":"I. Mikhailov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-51-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-51-68","url":null,"abstract":"The author proposes a conception in which society and a person are understood as a nested computing system of a multi-agent architecture. The ‘Computational’ as a concept extends beyond the Turing machine and is considered as the ability to compute and predict statistical distributions that best match the characteristics of the external environment to achieve the optimal value of an assumed control variable. Society induces the rules of behavior in agents similarly to the way by which a magnetic field induces a current in a moving conductor. Induction is carried out by selecting the patterns of behavior empirically derived by individuals and certifying the patterns that are most useful for achieving the target indicators of the system. Certified rules are perceived by individuals as, on the one hand, immanent to them, and on the other, as generally allowing for their violation, since both individual agents and the whole society are statistical machines. The objective probability of non-compliance with a rule is perceived as moral freedom, and hormonal reinforcement of adherence to the general rule is perceived as a sense of moral duty. The computational approach to morality overcomes the inductivism of naturalistic and utilitarian theories, and at the same time scientifically explains the ‘transcendentality’ of moral law, without resorting to idealistic metaphysics, as does Kantian deontism.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67624172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-122-137
I. Cherepanov
The article examines the natural-scientific foundations of the problem of the interaction of consciousness and body in non-reductive theories suggesting the impossibility of reducing mental properties to the properties of physical systems. There are three deterministic ways to solve this problem-interactionism, materialistic and idealistic epiphenomenalism, and two indeterministic ways-parallelism and correlativism. All these methods are subjected to constructive criticism: interactionism, materialistic and idealistic epiphenomenalism contradict the principles of causal isolation of physical events and the epistemological completeness of physics, on which the building of modern natural science is based, parallelism is a heuristically empty concept, and correlativism needs a special class of psychophysical laws that have not been discovered by natural science until now. It is shown that the truth of one theory explaining the interaction of consciousness and body, and the falsity of others should not be determined solely on conceptual grounds in the space of philosophical discourse, but can be established empirically in the process of the development of natural science knowledge. Accordingly, the natural-scientific criterion that allows us to make a choice between interactionism or epiphenomenalism, on the one hand, and parallelism or correlativism, on the other, is the principle of causal closure of the physical world, based on the law of conservation of physical energy. If the law of conservation of physical energy is violated in both directions – from the mental to the physical and from the physical to the mental, then interactionism is true. If the law of conservation of physical energy is violated only in one direction – from the mental to the physical or from the physical to the mental, then materialistic or idealistic epiphenomenalism is true, respectively. If the principle of causal isolation of the physical world is not violated in the behavior of material systems in any direction, then the choice between parallelism and correlativism depends on the existence of laws of the psychophysical order that determine the relationship of mental and physical events. If such laws are not found as a result of natural science research, then parallelism is true, and if they are found, then correlativism is true.
{"title":"Natural science foundations of the problem of interaction of consciousness and body","authors":"I. Cherepanov","doi":"10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-122-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-2-122-137","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the natural-scientific foundations of the problem of the interaction of consciousness and body in non-reductive theories suggesting the impossibility of reducing mental properties to the properties of physical systems. There are three deterministic ways to solve this problem-interactionism, materialistic and idealistic epiphenomenalism, and two indeterministic ways-parallelism and correlativism. All these methods are subjected to constructive criticism: interactionism, materialistic and idealistic epiphenomenalism contradict the principles of causal isolation of physical events and the epistemological completeness of physics, on which the building of modern natural science is based, parallelism is a heuristically empty concept, and correlativism needs a special class of psychophysical laws that have not been discovered by natural science until now. It is shown that the truth of one theory explaining the interaction of consciousness and body, and the falsity of others should not be determined solely on conceptual grounds in the space of philosophical discourse, but can be established empirically in the process of the development of natural science knowledge. Accordingly, the natural-scientific criterion that allows us to make a choice between interactionism or epiphenomenalism, on the one hand, and parallelism or correlativism, on the other, is the principle of causal closure of the physical world, based on the law of conservation of physical energy. If the law of conservation of physical energy is violated in both directions – from the mental to the physical and from the physical to the mental, then interactionism is true. If the law of conservation of physical energy is violated only in one direction – from the mental to the physical or from the physical to the mental, then materialistic or idealistic epiphenomenalism is true, respectively. If the principle of causal isolation of the physical world is not violated in the behavior of material systems in any direction, then the choice between parallelism and correlativism depends on the existence of laws of the psychophysical order that determine the relationship of mental and physical events. If such laws are not found as a result of natural science research, then parallelism is true, and if they are found, then correlativism is true.","PeriodicalId":41795,"journal":{"name":"Filosofskii Zhurnal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67624932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-21-36
K. Burmistrov
Moshe ben Ya’akov Cordovero (1522–1570) was one of the most influential Kabbalists of the 16th century living in Safed in Northern Galilee (Ottoman Empire). The systematic explanation of the basic concepts of Kabbalah that he proposed had a significant impact on the subsequent development of Kabbalah. A characteristic feature of the views of Cordovero and his followers was the desire to “demythologize” Kabbalah, to create a synthesis of earlier views and to develop a unified speculative theory on their basis. At the same time, since the end of the 16th century, the Kabbalah school of Yitzhak Luria has gained increasing influence, striving to offer a completely new interpretation of the basic concepts of this teaching by remythologizing it. As a rule, it is believed that it was Luria’s Kabbalah that was at the center of interests of Christian researchers of Kabbalah of the 17th century, who in turn influenced the views of a number of European philosophers (H. More, G.W. Leibniz, J. Locke, F.C. Oetinger, F.X. von Baader, F.W.J. Schelling, F.J. Molitor and others). The article attempts to revise this idea and show that Cordovero’s Kabbalah was also very significant for the European thinkers of the 17th century, who were engaged in the translation and interpretation of Kabbalistic writings. The article is based on the analysis of the original Hebrew sources, as well as the Latin translations, made in the late 17th century.
Moshe ben Ya 'akov Cordovero(1522-1570)是16世纪最具影响力的卡巴拉学家之一，居住在北加利利(奥斯曼帝国)的Safed。他提出的对卡巴拉基本概念的系统解释对卡巴拉后来的发展产生了重大影响。科多维罗及其追随者的观点的一个特点是渴望“去神话化”卡巴拉，创造一个早期观点的综合，并在他们的基础上发展一个统一的思辨理论。与此同时，自16世纪末以来，伊扎克·卢里亚的卡巴拉学派已经获得了越来越大的影响力，努力通过重新神话化，对这一教学的基本概念提供一种全新的解释。通常，人们认为卢里亚的卡巴拉是17世纪基督教卡巴拉研究人员的兴趣中心，他们反过来影响了许多欧洲哲学家的观点(H. More, G.W.莱布尼茨，J.洛克，F.C. Oetinger, F.X.冯巴德尔，F.W.J.谢林，F.J. Molitor和其他人)。本文试图修正这一观点，并表明科多维罗的卡巴拉对17世纪从事卡巴拉著作翻译和解释的欧洲思想家也非常重要。这篇文章是基于对原始希伯来语来源的分析，以及在17世纪后期制作的拉丁语翻译。
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Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2072-0726-2022-15-1-69-84
V. Medvedev
The article regards the principal aspects by which cognition in the humanities is different from that in natural sciences. If the task of transcendental philosophy is the analysis of general conditions of our experience, such status can be prescribed to all disciplines that study human as a subject. General conditions of experience determine our experience even when we make them the object of analysis. Marx’s and Manheim’s sociology of knowledge is used as an example to show that sociology of knowledge as a study of the dependence of social ideas on social interests remains inside the domain of its own laws. This fact gives us the opportunity to treat it not as an objective science, but rather as hermeneutics. Its main purpose is not to unmask other people’s ideological illusions. Sociology of knowledge is rather a way of self-understanding, which affords us to pay attention to our own possible ideological bias. Structuralism and cognitive sciences as attempts at a scientific analysis of humans and society try to ignore the transcendental nature of their conclusions. If some fundamental structure underlies all our intellectual activity, it should control the perspective that structuralists take on it as well. If our self is an illusion formed by the objective neuronic dynamics, as cognitivists assert, they lose the right to reason in first person, to put goals of developing our consciousness in a particular direction. As long as we study the man and society in the humanities, our knowledge has a transcendental status. The humanities do not study some object that is external to us. They do not give us technical knowledge or technological recipes. Their goal is to make our self-understanding deeper.
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