Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.21315/aos2019.14.2.355
Nalisha Mohamed Ramli, N. Tarmidzi, Ahmad Dzulfikar Samsuddin, Nurul Izza Idaham, Ahmad Zharif Ibrahim
The aim of this study was to obtain data of medical emergencies at the non-hospital based private dental practices in Petaling district of Selangor, Malaysia. Ninety out of 281 identified main practitioners of non-hospital based private dental practices had agreed to participate. A standardised questionnaire forms consisting of four parts including demographic data, emergency equipment and drugs available, occurrence of medical emergencies and training of dental practitioners. All data retrieved were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., 1999). Some of the clinics (28.9%) had reported experiencing medical emergencies events. The most common emergency event noted was syncope (42.2%), followed by hypoglycaemia (27.7%). Majority of the events occurred in the dental surgery room (84.3%), after completion of treatment (31.3%) and were associated with dental extraction procedures (61.4%). Only nine of the clinics (3.3%) were equipped with emergency trolley and none were prepared with a defibrillator or automated external defibrillator (AED). It was also found that 32.3% of all clinics do not have any emergency drugs. All of the practitioners received basic life support training before graduation and 52.2% received supplementary training after graduation. In conclusion, emergency medical events do occur, but majority of dental practices involved in this study were not well equipped to manage these emergencies. It is important to have a standardised national guideline to ensure a safe and well-prepared dental setting during any adverse medical events.
{"title":"A Pilot Study of Preparedness for Medical Emergencies in Urban Private Dental Practices in Malaysia","authors":"Nalisha Mohamed Ramli, N. Tarmidzi, Ahmad Dzulfikar Samsuddin, Nurul Izza Idaham, Ahmad Zharif Ibrahim","doi":"10.21315/aos2019.14.2.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/aos2019.14.2.355","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to obtain data of medical emergencies at the non-hospital based private dental practices in Petaling district of Selangor, Malaysia. Ninety out of 281 identified main practitioners of non-hospital based private dental practices had agreed to participate. A standardised questionnaire forms consisting of four parts including demographic data, emergency equipment and drugs available, occurrence of medical emergencies and training of dental practitioners. All data retrieved were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., 1999). Some of the clinics (28.9%) had reported experiencing medical emergencies events. The most common emergency event noted was syncope (42.2%), followed by hypoglycaemia (27.7%). Majority of the events occurred in the dental surgery room (84.3%), after completion of treatment (31.3%) and were associated with dental extraction procedures (61.4%). Only nine of the clinics (3.3%) were equipped with emergency trolley and none were prepared with a defibrillator or automated external defibrillator (AED). It was also found that 32.3% of all clinics do not have any emergency drugs. All of the practitioners received basic life support training before graduation and 52.2% received supplementary training after graduation. In conclusion, emergency medical events do occur, but majority of dental practices involved in this study were not well equipped to manage these emergencies. It is important to have a standardised national guideline to ensure a safe and well-prepared dental setting during any adverse medical events.","PeriodicalId":44961,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Orofacial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46214939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.21315/aos2019.14.2.380
Norsila Abdul Wahab, I. Majid, H. Taib
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis (CP) and the relationship between periodontal status and dry mouth condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 controlled T2DM patients, determined by HbA1c level ≤ 9%. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subjects were given questionnaire for self-evaluation of dry mouth followed by collection of saliva. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Results showed that the prevalence of CP was 93.9% with severity ranging from mild (41.9%), moderate (30.6%), to severe (27.5%). Most subjects (74.2%) had normal stimulated salivary flow rate although 15.9% reported having less saliva. There was no significant association between periodontal parameters and salivary flow rate. In conclusion, T2DM patients exhibited high prevalence of CP despite having controlled glycaemic status. Dry mouth condition was not a common symptom and was also not associated with periodontitis. To ensure appropriate management of diabetics, collaboration between medical colleagues and dental practitioners is important to control progression of periodontal disease.
{"title":"Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Dry Mouth Condition","authors":"Norsila Abdul Wahab, I. Majid, H. Taib","doi":"10.21315/aos2019.14.2.380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/aos2019.14.2.380","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of chronic periodontitis (CP) and the relationship between periodontal status and dry mouth condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A cross-sectional study was conducted on 66 controlled T2DM patients, determined by HbA1c level ≤ 9%. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Subjects were given questionnaire for self-evaluation of dry mouth followed by collection of saliva. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0. Results showed that the prevalence of CP was 93.9% with severity ranging from mild (41.9%), moderate (30.6%), to severe (27.5%). Most subjects (74.2%) had normal stimulated salivary flow rate although 15.9% reported having less saliva. There was no significant association between periodontal parameters and salivary flow rate. In conclusion, T2DM patients exhibited high prevalence of CP despite having controlled glycaemic status. Dry mouth condition was not a common symptom and was also not associated with periodontitis. To ensure appropriate management of diabetics, collaboration between medical colleagues and dental practitioners is important to control progression of periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":44961,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Orofacial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49507527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.21315/aos2019.14.2.383
W. Nasir, A. Jaafar, R. Wahab, Khairunnisa’ Harun, Aws Hashim Ali
Work environment in dentistry benefits the right-handed dental practitioners. This situation requires the left-handers to work in an adjusted position causing them discomfort and inconvenience. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the identified left-handed undergraduate dental students in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) in performing dental procedures. The first phase of the study was to determine handedness of the students using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Questionnaire that was distributed to all the dental students. This was followed by a qualitative study using the phenomenology approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on left-handed students to determine their perceptions on left-handedness in performing dental procedures. The number of students interviewed was based on attainment of the saturation point. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed through coding, categorising and grouping responses into themes. Prevalence of left-handedness in this faculty was 7%. The participants were not aware of the right-handed situation when they enrolled in the faculty. This situation gave rise to psychological impact such as anxiety and stress. Although some participants were able to use their right hand for certain procedures, the dominant hand continued to be their preference. The difficulties encountered when using the non-dominant hand were grip-strength, angulation and positioning of the instruments. Dental procedures in periodontology (such as scaling, root debridement) and oral surgery (tooth extraction, incision and suturing) were found to be very challenging. They experienced muscle fatigue, reduced precision and prolonged time to complete the dental procedures. They felt that they should be given more time to adapt using the right hand under the tutelage of left-handed faculty members. Left-handed dental students faced difficulties in adapting to the right-handed situation and affect their effectiveness and efficiency. Specific activities need to be designed for left-handers to adapt to the situation under the guidance of left-handed faculty members.
{"title":"Experiences of Left-Handed Undergraduates in a Dental Faculty in Malaysia","authors":"W. Nasir, A. Jaafar, R. Wahab, Khairunnisa’ Harun, Aws Hashim Ali","doi":"10.21315/aos2019.14.2.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/aos2019.14.2.383","url":null,"abstract":"Work environment in dentistry benefits the right-handed dental practitioners. This situation requires the left-handers to work in an adjusted position causing them discomfort and inconvenience. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of the identified left-handed undergraduate dental students in Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) in performing dental procedures. The first phase of the study was to determine handedness of the students using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory Questionnaire that was distributed to all the dental students. This was followed by a qualitative study using the phenomenology approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on left-handed students to determine their perceptions on left-handedness in performing dental procedures. The number of students interviewed was based on attainment of the saturation point. The interview was recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analysed through coding, categorising and grouping responses into themes. Prevalence of left-handedness in this faculty was 7%. The participants were not aware of the right-handed situation when they enrolled in the faculty. This situation gave rise to psychological impact such as anxiety and stress. Although some participants were able to use their right hand for certain procedures, the dominant hand continued to be their preference. The difficulties encountered when using the non-dominant hand were grip-strength, angulation and positioning of the instruments. Dental procedures in periodontology (such as scaling, root debridement) and oral surgery (tooth extraction, incision and suturing) were found to be very challenging. They experienced muscle fatigue, reduced precision and prolonged time to complete the dental procedures. They felt that they should be given more time to adapt using the right hand under the tutelage of left-handed faculty members. Left-handed dental students faced difficulties in adapting to the right-handed situation and affect their effectiveness and efficiency. Specific activities need to be designed for left-handers to adapt to the situation under the guidance of left-handed faculty members.","PeriodicalId":44961,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Orofacial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21315/aos2019.14.2.359
Ummi Aqilah Haron, N. Mukhtar, M. Omar, Zurainie Abllah
For decades, coconut oil was reported to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity due to its abundant fatty acid’s contents. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been strongly implicated as the main etiological factor in dental caries. Regardless of the ongoing medical advances, the therapeutic resources for dental caries remain ineffectual, and this has led to renewed interest in using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a possible choice for dental caries control. In this study, the ability of VCO and activated virgin coconut oil (AVCO) combatting cariogenic S. mutans ATCC 25175 has been evaluated. Fatty acids contents were compared through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis, and their antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. From the GC-MS analysis, AVCO (59%) was found to have a slightly higher medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) as compared to VCO (54.1%), and the long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) contents in VCO (45.9%) was found to be higher than AVCO (41%). Interestingly, S. mutans ATCC 25175 was found to be susceptible towards AVCO (MIC: 6.24 mg/ml) and resistance towards VCO in vitro. The excellent antimicrobial activity of AVCO as a result from (i) the release of individuals fatty acids after activation of virgin coconut oil by lipase digestion and (ii) the present of MCFA and LCFA that are significant in antimicrobial activity. Further study can be designed to specifically examine the activity of individuals fatty acids present in oils against S.mutans virulence genes/protein using molecular dynamic assessment.
{"title":"Fatty Acid Evaluation and Antimicrobial Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and Activated Virgin Coconut Oil on Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Ummi Aqilah Haron, N. Mukhtar, M. Omar, Zurainie Abllah","doi":"10.21315/aos2019.14.2.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/aos2019.14.2.359","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, coconut oil was reported to possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity due to its abundant fatty acid’s contents. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been strongly implicated as the main etiological factor in dental caries. Regardless of the ongoing medical advances, the therapeutic resources for dental caries remain ineffectual, and this has led to renewed interest in using virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a possible choice for dental caries control. In this study, the ability of VCO and activated virgin coconut oil (AVCO) combatting cariogenic S. mutans ATCC 25175 has been evaluated. Fatty acids contents were compared through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrum (GC-MS) analysis, and their antimicrobial activity was determined using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. From the GC-MS analysis, AVCO (59%) was found to have a slightly higher medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) as compared to VCO (54.1%), and the long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) contents in VCO (45.9%) was found to be higher than AVCO (41%). Interestingly, S. mutans ATCC 25175 was found to be susceptible towards AVCO (MIC: 6.24 mg/ml) and resistance towards VCO in vitro. The excellent antimicrobial activity of AVCO as a result from (i) the release of individuals fatty acids after activation of virgin coconut oil by lipase digestion and (ii) the present of MCFA and LCFA that are significant in antimicrobial activity. Further study can be designed to specifically examine the activity of individuals fatty acids present in oils against S.mutans virulence genes/protein using molecular dynamic assessment.","PeriodicalId":44961,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Orofacial Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45784525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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