Pub Date : 2017-04-15DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.13
A. C. K. Jotsa, V. Pennati, A. Guardo, M. Morselli
In this paper a finite element 1D model for shallow water flows with distribution of chemical substances is presented. The deterministic model, based on unsteady flow and convection-diffusion-decay of the pollutants, allows for evaluating in any point of the space-time domain the concentration values of the chemical compounds. The numerical approach followed is computationally cost-effectiveness respect both the stability and the accuracy, and by means of it is possible to foresee the evolution of the concentrations.
{"title":"Shallow Water 1D Model for Pollution River Study","authors":"A. C. K. Jotsa, V. Pennati, A. Guardo, M. Morselli","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.13","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a finite element 1D model for shallow water flows with distribution of chemical substances is presented. The deterministic model, based on unsteady flow and convection-diffusion-decay of the pollutants, allows for evaluating in any point of the space-time domain the concentration values of the chemical compounds. The numerical approach followed is computationally cost-effectiveness respect both the stability and the accuracy, and by means of it is possible to foresee the evolution of the concentrations.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"26 1","pages":"76-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75845167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-22DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.12
Chubaryan Anahit, Khamisyan Artur
This paper focuses on the problem of constructing of some standard Hilbert style proof systems for any version of many valued propositional logic. The generalization of Kalmar’s proof of deducibility for two valued tautologies inside classical propositional logic gives us a possibility to suggest some method for defining of two types axiomatic systems for any version of 3-valued logic, completeness of which is easy proved direct, without of loading into two valued logic. This method i) can be base for direct proving of completeness for all well-known axiomatic systems of k-valued (k≥3) logics and may be for fuzzy logic also, ii) can be base for constructing of new Hilbert-style axiomatic systems for all mentioned logics.
{"title":"Generalization of Kalmar’s Proof of Deducibility in Two Valued Propositional Logic into Many Valued Logic","authors":"Chubaryan Anahit, Khamisyan Artur","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the problem of constructing of some standard Hilbert style proof systems for any version of many valued propositional logic. The generalization of Kalmar’s proof of deducibility for two valued tautologies inside classical propositional logic gives us a possibility to suggest some method for defining of two types axiomatic systems for any version of 3-valued logic, completeness of which is easy proved direct, without of loading into two valued logic. This method i) can be base for direct proving of completeness for all well-known axiomatic systems of k-valued (k≥3) logics and may be for fuzzy logic also, ii) can be base for constructing of new Hilbert-style axiomatic systems for all mentioned logics.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"84 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83465317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-11DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.11
M. Malkov
We give a classification of dual functions, they are m-al functions. We call a function m-al with respect to an operator if the operator lives any function unchanged after m times of using the operator. And 2 ≤ m ≤ k. Functions with different m have very different properties. We give theoretical results for clones of self-dual (m = 2) and self- -al (m = k) functions in k -valued logic at k ≤ 3. And we give numerical results for clones of self-dual and self-3-al functions in 3-valued logic. In particular, the inclusion graphs of clones of self-dual and of self-3-al functions are not a lattice.
{"title":"Clones of Self-Dual and Self-K-Al Functions in K-valued Logic","authors":"M. Malkov","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170602.11","url":null,"abstract":"We give a classification of dual functions, they are m-al functions. We call a function m-al with respect to an operator if the operator lives any function unchanged after m times of using the operator. And 2 ≤ m ≤ k. Functions with different m have very different properties. We give theoretical results for clones of self-dual (m = 2) and self- -al (m = k) functions in k -valued logic at k ≤ 3. And we give numerical results for clones of self-dual and self-3-al functions in 3-valued logic. In particular, the inclusion graphs of clones of self-dual and of self-3-al functions are not a lattice.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"1 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82945965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-06DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.s.2017060301.11
F. Kaya
There are two forms of mechanical energy-potential energy and kinetic energy in physics. Potential energy E p is stored energy of position. The amount of kinetic energy E k possesed by a moving object is depent upon mass and speed. The total mechanical energy possesed by an object is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies. Now we calculate the mathematical physic on Joachimsthal Theorem. In this paper, we find the eneryg of two curves on different surfaces and slant helix strips by using classic energy formulaes in Euclidean Space E 3 .
{"title":"Finding Energy of the Slant Helix Strip by Using Classic Energy Methods on Joachimsthal Theorem","authors":"F. Kaya","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.s.2017060301.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.s.2017060301.11","url":null,"abstract":"There are two forms of mechanical energy-potential energy and kinetic energy in physics. Potential energy E p is stored energy of position. The amount of kinetic energy E k possesed by a moving object is depent upon mass and speed. The total mechanical energy possesed by an object is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies. Now we calculate the mathematical physic on Joachimsthal Theorem. In this paper, we find the eneryg of two curves on different surfaces and slant helix strips by using classic energy formulaes in Euclidean Space E 3 .","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"32 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88372315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-06DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.17
Mohamed H. Khabir, R. Farah
In this paper we discuss cubic B-spline collocation method. We have given the derivation of the B-spline method in general. We have applied the method for solving one-dimensional heat equation and the numerical result have been compared with the exact solution.
{"title":"Cubic B-spline Collocation Method for One-Dimensional Heat Equation","authors":"Mohamed H. Khabir, R. Farah","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we discuss cubic B-spline collocation method. We have given the derivation of the B-spline method in general. We have applied the method for solving one-dimensional heat equation and the numerical result have been compared with the exact solution.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"49 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82179239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.16
Md. Yasin Ali, K. R. Chowdhury, A. Sultana, N. K. Mitra
Hemirings appear in a natural manner, in some applications to the theory of automata, the theory of formal languages, graph theory, design theory and combinatorial geometry. Recently, the notions of hemirings with special structures were introduced. But still now there are no complete structural properties of hemirings. In this paper we try to investigate some structures of hemirings. This is done by introducing some examples of hemirings.
{"title":"Some Structures of Hemirings","authors":"Md. Yasin Ali, K. R. Chowdhury, A. Sultana, N. K. Mitra","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.16","url":null,"abstract":"Hemirings appear in a natural manner, in some applications to the theory of automata, the theory of formal languages, graph theory, design theory and combinatorial geometry. Recently, the notions of hemirings with special structures were introduced. But still now there are no complete structural properties of hemirings. In this paper we try to investigate some structures of hemirings. This is done by introducing some examples of hemirings.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"116 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82077014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-27DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.14
Onialisoa Mirana Rakotoarivelo, H. Ravelonirina
In this paper, we study the state of a country with the determining factors of the development-nondevelopment. For doing so, we have seen that they have indicators and sub-indicators. And after having calculated the weight and value of each determining factor, we created a new index to measure a country’s development.
{"title":"Determining Factors of Country Development and Nondevelopment","authors":"Onialisoa Mirana Rakotoarivelo, H. Ravelonirina","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the state of a country with the determining factors of the development-nondevelopment. For doing so, we have seen that they have indicators and sub-indicators. And after having calculated the weight and value of each determining factor, we created a new index to measure a country’s development.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"75 1","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82478611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-23DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.15
F. S. Seif, S. Khamis, John K. Mduma, E. Massawe
This paper examines the impact of education on the average age at the first marriage to women in Tanzania. A mathematical model for the distribution of average age at the first marriage in Tanzania is established and the effect of education on the year at first marriage is estimated for the years 1999 and 2003/04. Both descriptive analysis and model estimate show that education level and education attainment have an impact on the average age at the first marriage. It is established that as one attains further studies, her age at first marriage is delayed. The model validation was presented graphically to illustrate the validity of the model where the proportion of ever married p ( a , x 1 , x 2 ) fitted very closely to the empirical data.
本文考察了教育对坦桑尼亚妇女初婚平均年龄的影响。建立了坦桑尼亚初次结婚平均年龄分布的数学模型，并估计了1999年和2003/04年教育对初次结婚年龄的影响。描述性分析和模型估计都表明，受教育程度和受教育程度对初婚平均年龄有影响。人们已经确定，当一个人获得进一步的学习时，她的初婚年龄会推迟。模型验证以图形形式呈现，以说明模型的有效性，其中已婚p (a, x 1, x 2)的比例非常接近于经验数据。
{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of Impact of Education on Average Age at the First Marriage in Tanzania","authors":"F. S. Seif, S. Khamis, John K. Mduma, E. Massawe","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.15","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of education on the average age at the first marriage to women in Tanzania. A mathematical model for the distribution of average age at the first marriage in Tanzania is established and the effect of education on the year at first marriage is estimated for the years 1999 and 2003/04. Both descriptive analysis and model estimate show that education level and education attainment have an impact on the average age at the first marriage. It is established that as one attains further studies, her age at first marriage is delayed. The model validation was presented graphically to illustrate the validity of the model where the proportion of ever married p ( a , x 1 , x 2 ) fitted very closely to the empirical data.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"86 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88535626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-20DOI: 10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.13
M. Malkov
The article is devoted to classification of close sets of functions in k-valued logic. We build the classification of finite closed sets. The sets contain only constants and unary functions since sets containing even a two-ary function are infinite. Formulas of the number of finite sets and minimal sets exist for all natural k. We find the numbers of closed sets containing the identity function f (x)=x or a constant for all k. We give the number of sets on levels of inclusions at k up to 10. The inclusion diagrams are present at k up to 5, at k=6 we give inclusion diagrams of sets containing only function f (x)=x and constant 0. We find isomorphic sets and use only one of the isomorphic sets to build the diagrams.
{"title":"Finite Closed Sets of Functions in Multi-valued Logic","authors":"M. Malkov","doi":"10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.PAMJ.20170601.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to classification of close sets of functions in k-valued logic. We build the classification of finite closed sets. The sets contain only constants and unary functions since sets containing even a two-ary function are infinite. Formulas of the number of finite sets and minimal sets exist for all natural k. We find the numbers of closed sets containing the identity function f (x)=x or a constant for all k. We give the number of sets on levels of inclusions at k up to 10. The inclusion diagrams are present at k up to 5, at k=6 we give inclusion diagrams of sets containing only function f (x)=x and constant 0. We find isomorphic sets and use only one of the isomorphic sets to build the diagrams.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"31 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81367752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-16DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.12
Maysoon M. Aziz, S. Al-Azzawi
This paper investigates the stabilization of unstable equilibrium for a 4D hyperchaotic system. The linear, non-linear and speed feedback controls are used to suppress hyperchaos to this equilibrium. The Routh-Hurwitz theorem and Lyapunov's second methods are used to derive the conditions of the asymptotic stability of the controlled hyperchaotic system. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
{"title":"Linear and Non-linear Feedback Control Strategies for a 4D Hyperchaotic System","authors":"Maysoon M. Aziz, S. Al-Azzawi","doi":"10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pamj.20170601.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the stabilization of unstable equilibrium for a 4D hyperchaotic system. The linear, non-linear and speed feedback controls are used to suppress hyperchaos to this equilibrium. The Routh-Hurwitz theorem and Lyapunov's second methods are used to derive the conditions of the asymptotic stability of the controlled hyperchaotic system. Theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.","PeriodicalId":46057,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics","volume":"12 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2017-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81836497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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