Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233977
Ratim Mir, M. A. Islam, Nowfel Islam, M. N. Islam, Reba Das, Enamul Kabir
Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Various studies have identified IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation as a hallmark genetic alteration in glial tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified glioblastoma based on IDH mutation status, including IDH-mutant glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma along with its variants and glioblastoma, NOS (not otherwise specified) (where IDH mutation status cannot be evaluated). Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted on 35 histologically diagnosed cases of glioblastoma, within the period of March, 2018 to December 2019. Results: Among the 35 glioblastoma cases, 6 (17.14%) were found to be IDH-mutant (positive for IDH1 immunostain), while the remaining 29 cases were negative for IDH1 immunostain (therefore designated as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma). In the IDH-mutant group, 3 out of 6 patients were in the younger age group (≤40 years). On the other hand, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma was more common in elderly and most frequent was in the age group of 51-60 years (11 out of 29 cases). Conclusions: In this study, IDH1 expression was observed in 17.14% of all glioblastoma cases (designated as IDH-mutant glioblastoma). Whereas, most (~82.86%) of the glioblastoma cases did not express IDH1 (designated as IDH-wildtype).
{"title":"Expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 in glioblastoma, Bangladesh perspective","authors":"Ratim Mir, M. A. Islam, Nowfel Islam, M. N. Islam, Reba Das, Enamul Kabir","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233977","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant brain tumor in adults. Various studies have identified IDH (isocitrate dehydrogenase) mutation as a hallmark genetic alteration in glial tumors. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified glioblastoma based on IDH mutation status, including IDH-mutant glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma along with its variants and glioblastoma, NOS (not otherwise specified) (where IDH mutation status cannot be evaluated). Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study, conducted on 35 histologically diagnosed cases of glioblastoma, within the period of March, 2018 to December 2019. Results: Among the 35 glioblastoma cases, 6 (17.14%) were found to be IDH-mutant (positive for IDH1 immunostain), while the remaining 29 cases were negative for IDH1 immunostain (therefore designated as IDH-wildtype glioblastoma). In the IDH-mutant group, 3 out of 6 patients were in the younger age group (≤40 years). On the other hand, IDH-wildtype glioblastoma was more common in elderly and most frequent was in the age group of 51-60 years (11 out of 29 cases). Conclusions: In this study, IDH1 expression was observed in 17.14% of all glioblastoma cases (designated as IDH-mutant glioblastoma). Whereas, most (~82.86%) of the glioblastoma cases did not express IDH1 (designated as IDH-wildtype).","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"51 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233996
Hardik More, Dilip Patil, Chahat Singh
Background: The present study was undertaken to analyse the clinical profile of type 2 diabetes patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of presentation, owing to dearth of scientific enquiry into this research query. Methods: The present study was an analytical, cross-sectional study conducted over the period of two years. All the type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted during the study period constituted the study population, after being subjected to prefixed selection criteria. Detailed clinical history was recorded and thorough physical examination was conducted of all the participants, along with basic relevant blood parameters. Results: Out of the total 60 type 2 DM patients with DKA studied, 53.3% patients belonged to 51 to 60 years age group and 55% were males. All the patients had fruity breath odour at the presentation. Obesity was present in 48.3% and Kussmaul breathing observed in 90% of patients. Poor compliance to treatment (51.7%) was the biggest precipitating factor of DKA in type 2 DM patients. Around 2/3rd (68.3%) was on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), 10% were on OHA and insulin, while 21.7% were newly diagnosed at the time of presentation. Mean RBS in type 2 DM patients with DKA was 510.8±153.5 mg/dl and mean HbA1C was 9.15±0.78%. Conclusions: Stricter compliance to the treatment will go a long way in avoiding occurrence of the dreaded complication in type 2 diabetes patients.
{"title":"Clinical profile of diabetic ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes patients at a tertiary care centre","authors":"Hardik More, Dilip Patil, Chahat Singh","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233996","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was undertaken to analyse the clinical profile of type 2 diabetes patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of presentation, owing to dearth of scientific enquiry into this research query. Methods: The present study was an analytical, cross-sectional study conducted over the period of two years. All the type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted during the study period constituted the study population, after being subjected to prefixed selection criteria. Detailed clinical history was recorded and thorough physical examination was conducted of all the participants, along with basic relevant blood parameters. Results: Out of the total 60 type 2 DM patients with DKA studied, 53.3% patients belonged to 51 to 60 years age group and 55% were males. All the patients had fruity breath odour at the presentation. Obesity was present in 48.3% and Kussmaul breathing observed in 90% of patients. Poor compliance to treatment (51.7%) was the biggest precipitating factor of DKA in type 2 DM patients. Around 2/3rd (68.3%) was on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA), 10% were on OHA and insulin, while 21.7% were newly diagnosed at the time of presentation. Mean RBS in type 2 DM patients with DKA was 510.8±153.5 mg/dl and mean HbA1C was 9.15±0.78%. Conclusions: Stricter compliance to the treatment will go a long way in avoiding occurrence of the dreaded complication in type 2 diabetes patients.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233989
Angelin Mary L., Namita D. Shanbhag, M. Puranik
Background: Menopausal transition is frequently accompanied by physical, emotional as well as periodontal health changes in pre and postmenopausal women due to the decline in circulating blood oestrogen levels. Aim was to investigate the association of periodontal health with physical and emotional well-being among pre and postmenopausal women aged 35-65 years. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 pre and 150 postmenopausal women in Bangalore urban district Women Health Questionnaire was used to assess physical and emotional well-being. WHO Oral Health Assessment form for adults 2013 along with plaque and gingival indexes were used to assess the periodontal health status. Descriptive, bivariate, multiple linear regression analysis were carried out. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age among pre and postmenopausal women were 40.09±2.24 years and 55.42±5.7 (p<0.001). The mean scores of depression/anxiety mood; somatic symptoms; memory/concentration; vasomotor symptoms; sleep problem was significantly higher in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal group (p<0.001). The mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding (12.93±8.0 and 6.94±5.68); deep periodontal pocket (2.05±1.61 and 0.44±0.97) were higher in postmenopausal group in comparison to the other group respectively (p<0.001). Depression was significantly associated with periodontal health of women in both the groups. Conclusions: Women after menopause experienced more physical and emotional changes. Periodontal health status was found to be poor among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women.
{"title":"Association of periodontal health with physical and emotional well-being among pre and postmenopausal women in Bangalore: a cross sectional study","authors":"Angelin Mary L., Namita D. Shanbhag, M. Puranik","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233989","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Menopausal transition is frequently accompanied by physical, emotional as well as periodontal health changes in pre and postmenopausal women due to the decline in circulating blood oestrogen levels. Aim was to investigate the association of periodontal health with physical and emotional well-being among pre and postmenopausal women aged 35-65 years. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 pre and 150 postmenopausal women in Bangalore urban district Women Health Questionnaire was used to assess physical and emotional well-being. WHO Oral Health Assessment form for adults 2013 along with plaque and gingival indexes were used to assess the periodontal health status. Descriptive, bivariate, multiple linear regression analysis were carried out. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age among pre and postmenopausal women were 40.09±2.24 years and 55.42±5.7 (p<0.001). The mean scores of depression/anxiety mood; somatic symptoms; memory/concentration; vasomotor symptoms; sleep problem was significantly higher in postmenopausal compared to premenopausal group (p<0.001). The mean number of teeth with gingival bleeding (12.93±8.0 and 6.94±5.68); deep periodontal pocket (2.05±1.61 and 0.44±0.97) were higher in postmenopausal group in comparison to the other group respectively (p<0.001). Depression was significantly associated with periodontal health of women in both the groups. Conclusions: Women after menopause experienced more physical and emotional changes. Periodontal health status was found to be poor among postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"37 13‐14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233991
Rakshitha B. M., Chinmayi Y., Vijay Kumar, Kumar U.
Background: Road traffic accidents represent a pervasive global crisis resulting in the loss of millions of lives and countless injuries annually. According to the world health organization (WHO), over 1.3 million people die in road traffic accident every year, and an additional 20-50 million are injured or disabled. Objective was to study the demographic patterns in these cases of RTA in and around AIMS B. G. Nagar, India. Methods: It was a cross sectional study of all medico legal necropsies of road traffic accidents, Data was collected between January 2022 to June 2023 at the mortuary of the department of forensic medicine and toxicology, AIMS, B. G. Nagar, and Karnataka, India. Collected data was analysed. Results: During the study period 117 (40.20%) were road traffic accidents, according to this study road traffic accidents were more 30 (25.64%) in old age groups and males 105 (89.74%) were majorly affected. Majority of the accidents 41 (35%) predominantly occurred during evening to midnight hours on highways 65 (55.55%), light vehicles (37.61%) were most frequently engaged in road traffic accident and the most common site of injury was head 98 (83.76%), and cause of death was due to intracranial hemorrhages (49.57%) and among the pattern of intracranial hemorrhage we observed high number of (32.47%) combination of subdural hemorrhages and sub-arachnoid hemorrhages. Conclusions: Through this study we want to create awareness and deploy safety measures to prevent RTA.
背景：道路交通事故是一个普遍存在的全球性危机，每年造成数百万人丧生，无数人受伤。据世界卫生组织（WHO）统计，每年有 130 多万人死于道路交通事故，另有 2,000 万至 5,000 万人受伤或致残。目的：研究印度 AIMS B. G. Nagar 及其周边地区道路交通事故的人口统计模式。方法：这是一项横断面研究，收集了 2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月期间在印度卡纳塔克邦 B. G. Nagar AIMS 法医和毒理学系停尸房进行的所有道路交通事故医学法律尸体解剖数据。对收集到的数据进行了分析。结果：在研究期间，有 117 起（40.20%）道路交通事故，其中 30 起（25.64%）发生在老年群体，105 起（89.74%）主要是男性。大多数事故 41 起（35%）主要发生在傍晚至午夜的高速公路上，65 起（55.55%）发生在轻型车辆上（37.61%），最常见的受伤部位是头部，98 起（83.76%），死亡原因是颅内出血（49.57%），在颅内出血的模式中，我们观察到硬膜下出血和蛛网膜下腔出血并存的情况较多（32.47%）。结论：我们希望通过这项研究提高人们的认识，并采取安全措施预防 RTA。
{"title":"An autopsy study of road traffic accident cases at tertiary care center, Mandya, Karnataka","authors":"Rakshitha B. M., Chinmayi Y., Vijay Kumar, Kumar U.","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233991","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road traffic accidents represent a pervasive global crisis resulting in the loss of millions of lives and countless injuries annually. According to the world health organization (WHO), over 1.3 million people die in road traffic accident every year, and an additional 20-50 million are injured or disabled. Objective was to study the demographic patterns in these cases of RTA in and around AIMS B. G. Nagar, India. Methods: It was a cross sectional study of all medico legal necropsies of road traffic accidents, Data was collected between January 2022 to June 2023 at the mortuary of the department of forensic medicine and toxicology, AIMS, B. G. Nagar, and Karnataka, India. Collected data was analysed. Results: During the study period 117 (40.20%) were road traffic accidents, according to this study road traffic accidents were more 30 (25.64%) in old age groups and males 105 (89.74%) were majorly affected. Majority of the accidents 41 (35%) predominantly occurred during evening to midnight hours on highways 65 (55.55%), light vehicles (37.61%) were most frequently engaged in road traffic accident and the most common site of injury was head 98 (83.76%), and cause of death was due to intracranial hemorrhages (49.57%) and among the pattern of intracranial hemorrhage we observed high number of (32.47%) combination of subdural hemorrhages and sub-arachnoid hemorrhages. Conclusions: Through this study we want to create awareness and deploy safety measures to prevent RTA.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234010
Osvaldo I. Guevara Valmaña, Sebastian Triguieros-Guzman, Omar S. Fattel-Servin, Valentina Prieto-Vargas, Katia Balderas-Ruiz, Armando Apellaniz-campo, Daniela Tellez-Placios
Foreign bodies are defined as any foreign object that enters the human body due to various circumstances. FBs are a common reason for emergency department visits. The hand's complex vascular and nervous structures make aggressive exploration dangerous. FBs can be composed of various materials, making their detection with a single imaging study difficult. We propose using a magnetic tissue expander locator for intraoperative FB localization, presenting the case of a 50-year-old female patient who, after falling from her height, presented with a foreign body in her right hand. Due to the complexity of locating the FB, we used the magnetic finder, successfully extracting it without damaging any underlying structures. Use of magnetic tissue expander locators are effective, practical, and safe alternative to help for locating magnetic foreign bodies.
{"title":"Use of magnetic port finder for metallic foreign body extraction in hand","authors":"Osvaldo I. Guevara Valmaña, Sebastian Triguieros-Guzman, Omar S. Fattel-Servin, Valentina Prieto-Vargas, Katia Balderas-Ruiz, Armando Apellaniz-campo, Daniela Tellez-Placios","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234010","url":null,"abstract":"Foreign bodies are defined as any foreign object that enters the human body due to various circumstances. FBs are a common reason for emergency department visits. The hand's complex vascular and nervous structures make aggressive exploration dangerous. FBs can be composed of various materials, making their detection with a single imaging study difficult. We propose using a magnetic tissue expander locator for intraoperative FB localization, presenting the case of a 50-year-old female patient who, after falling from her height, presented with a foreign body in her right hand. Due to the complexity of locating the FB, we used the magnetic finder, successfully extracting it without damaging any underlying structures. Use of magnetic tissue expander locators are effective, practical, and safe alternative to help for locating magnetic foreign bodies.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"8 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234013
Kasi V. Gali, A. Choudhary, Anshuman Singh, Abhijit Shah
Retrieval of high-volume renal stone fragments in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using graspers and baskets can lead to inadvertent renal mucosal trauma and prolonged operative times. We report a case of large right renal pelvic calculus measuring approximately 5.6×4.2×4 cm, which after fragmentation posed a challenge for fragment retrieval to ensure complete stone clearance. We used flush irrigation and suction through a 17 Fr cystoscope sheath inserted into the 30 Fr Amplatz for successful retrieval of the high volume of tiny stone fragments. To our surprise, just after two cycles of flush-irrigation and suction in a duration of approximately 30 seconds, we could achieve complete stone clearance. This technique of utilizing a small caliber cystoscope sheath through a large caliber Amplatz in PCNL could help in selected cases for efficient and safe retrieval of high-volume tiny stone fragments by minimizing renal mucosal trauma, operative times and ensuring complete stone clearance.
{"title":"Utility of cystoscope sheath in percutaneous nephrolithotomy- a case report","authors":"Kasi V. Gali, A. Choudhary, Anshuman Singh, Abhijit Shah","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234013","url":null,"abstract":"Retrieval of high-volume renal stone fragments in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using graspers and baskets can lead to inadvertent renal mucosal trauma and prolonged operative times. We report a case of large right renal pelvic calculus measuring approximately 5.6×4.2×4 cm, which after fragmentation posed a challenge for fragment retrieval to ensure complete stone clearance. We used flush irrigation and suction through a 17 Fr cystoscope sheath inserted into the 30 Fr Amplatz for successful retrieval of the high volume of tiny stone fragments. To our surprise, just after two cycles of flush-irrigation and suction in a duration of approximately 30 seconds, we could achieve complete stone clearance. This technique of utilizing a small caliber cystoscope sheath through a large caliber Amplatz in PCNL could help in selected cases for efficient and safe retrieval of high-volume tiny stone fragments by minimizing renal mucosal trauma, operative times and ensuring complete stone clearance.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139151989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234018
Faris K. Shamsudeen
A 61-year-old female patient, presented with complaints of dry cough and gradually worsening dyspnea of 3 months duration, associated with significant weight loss of >14 kg. At presentation, patient was sick, hypoxemic, and tachypneic and system examination revealed fine basal crepitations on auscultation. CT chest showed random pulmonary nodules with bronchiectatic changes. In view of respiratory distress and elevated d-dimer, CT pulmonary angiogram was done and was normal. A contrast echocardiography study hinted towards a significant right to left extracardiac shunt. There was radiological evidence of chronic liver disease with portal hypertension and numerous poorly defined nodular opacities scattered in hepatic and splenic parenchyma in post contrast images. ANA profile was positive for ribosomal-p protein along with elevated serum ACE levels. An ultrasound guided liver biopsy was ultimately performed and histopathology revealed granulomatous lesion in liver compatible with sarcoidosis.
{"title":"A case report of multisystemic sarcoidosis with extracardiac shunt","authors":"Faris K. Shamsudeen","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234018","url":null,"abstract":"A 61-year-old female patient, presented with complaints of dry cough and gradually worsening dyspnea of 3 months duration, associated with significant weight loss of >14 kg. At presentation, patient was sick, hypoxemic, and tachypneic and system examination revealed fine basal crepitations on auscultation. CT chest showed random pulmonary nodules with bronchiectatic changes. In view of respiratory distress and elevated d-dimer, CT pulmonary angiogram was done and was normal. A contrast echocardiography study hinted towards a significant right to left extracardiac shunt. There was radiological evidence of chronic liver disease with portal hypertension and numerous poorly defined nodular opacities scattered in hepatic and splenic parenchyma in post contrast images. ANA profile was positive for ribosomal-p protein along with elevated serum ACE levels. An ultrasound guided liver biopsy was ultimately performed and histopathology revealed granulomatous lesion in liver compatible with sarcoidosis.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234026
Regina G. G. Arroyo, Hannia I. P. Belmontes, Marlene de J. G. Torres, Brizza M. R. Mendoza, Begoña E. Gonzalez, Natalia C. Bonilla, Aran A. R. Ceja, G. G. Santiago
Drug-induced (iatrogenic) Cushing's syndrome results from excessive or prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, commonly prescribed for autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and proapoptotic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, these medications can lead to a range of multisystemic symptoms mirroring those of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. This review aims to elucidate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, emphasizing awareness of medications that can trigger its onset. The following review covers cortisol physiology, Cushing's syndrome etiology and subtypes, hypercortisolism complications and prognosis, and strategies for glucocorticoid withdrawal. This article synthesizes key findings and recommendations, highlighting challenges and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.
{"title":"Drug induced iatrogenic Cushing’s syndrome","authors":"Regina G. G. Arroyo, Hannia I. P. Belmontes, Marlene de J. G. Torres, Brizza M. R. Mendoza, Begoña E. Gonzalez, Natalia C. Bonilla, Aran A. R. Ceja, G. G. Santiago","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234026","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-induced (iatrogenic) Cushing's syndrome results from excessive or prolonged exposure to glucocorticoids, commonly prescribed for autoimmune, inflammatory, and hematological disorders due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and proapoptotic effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits, these medications can lead to a range of multisystemic symptoms mirroring those of endogenous Cushing’s syndrome. This review aims to elucidate the causes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, emphasizing awareness of medications that can trigger its onset. The following review covers cortisol physiology, Cushing's syndrome etiology and subtypes, hypercortisolism complications and prognosis, and strategies for glucocorticoid withdrawal. This article synthesizes key findings and recommendations, highlighting challenges and controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"26 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234030
Shreyasee Das, Rahul Shil, Dhanpal H. N.
Bartholin glands are greater vestibular glands and are located on either side of the vaginal opening. They are mainly homologous to the bulbourethral or cowper’s gland in males. These two pea-sized glands secrets mucus which is essential for vaginal lubrication. Bartholin gland cysts are one of the most frequent fluid-filled masses developing in the vulval area. They may develop as cysts first without symptoms, but if left untreated, they can be infectious and can lead to surgical corrections. The incidence rate of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses is 0.5 per 1000 people per year. In women, it mainly affects aging between 35 and 50 years. The cysts formed due to blockage of the Bartholin gland duct, which further causes retention and cystic dilation. Mainly, the disease happens due to sexually transmitted infections. Needle aspiration, incision, and drainage are the easiest and most reliable treatment options, but they are not carried out due to their high recurrence rate. This Bartholin gland cyst can interfere with the quality of life as the person can suffer discomfort in walking, difficulty in sitting and walking, and discomfort during intercourse. Most of the Bartholin’s gland cysts are also caused by the microorganisms that infect the perineal area. However, Bartholin’s cyst occurs in nulliparous women of childbearing age. Women in the reproductive age group should get counselling regarding the disease to take better precautionary measures to tackle the condition.
{"title":"Bartholin gland cyst and abscess: an updated scenario","authors":"Shreyasee Das, Rahul Shil, Dhanpal H. N.","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234030","url":null,"abstract":"Bartholin glands are greater vestibular glands and are located on either side of the vaginal opening. They are mainly homologous to the bulbourethral or cowper’s gland in males. These two pea-sized glands secrets mucus which is essential for vaginal lubrication. Bartholin gland cysts are one of the most frequent fluid-filled masses developing in the vulval area. They may develop as cysts first without symptoms, but if left untreated, they can be infectious and can lead to surgical corrections. The incidence rate of Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses is 0.5 per 1000 people per year. In women, it mainly affects aging between 35 and 50 years. The cysts formed due to blockage of the Bartholin gland duct, which further causes retention and cystic dilation. Mainly, the disease happens due to sexually transmitted infections. Needle aspiration, incision, and drainage are the easiest and most reliable treatment options, but they are not carried out due to their high recurrence rate. This Bartholin gland cyst can interfere with the quality of life as the person can suffer discomfort in walking, difficulty in sitting and walking, and discomfort during intercourse. Most of the Bartholin’s gland cysts are also caused by the microorganisms that infect the perineal area. However, Bartholin’s cyst occurs in nulliparous women of childbearing age. Women in the reproductive age group should get counselling regarding the disease to take better precautionary measures to tackle the condition.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234021
Suvarna S. Ganvir, Simran M. Jethani, Stuti N. Gaikwad, Maheshwari Harishchandre
The adulthood leukodystrophy is an uncommon clinical condition. Physiotherapy treatment provided to this referred patient resulted in a significant functional recovery within a short span of time inspite of gross lesion. A 34-year-old male patient diagnosed as a case of leucodystrophy was referred for Physiotherapy after 2 years of initial diagnosis physiotherapy progress consisted of increasing muscle strength, reducing tightness and improving postural stability; also to improve mobility for 5 months. After taking the pre and post assessment values of MAS, FIST, mFRT and FIM, improvement through the post assessment values showed significant functional recovery within 5 months. Significant functional recovery after 2 years of diagnosis of leucodystrophy provides promising scope of physiotherapy in future cases of leucodystrophy.
{"title":"Functional recovery in a rare case of an adult patient with leucodystrophy","authors":"Suvarna S. Ganvir, Simran M. Jethani, Stuti N. Gaikwad, Maheshwari Harishchandre","doi":"10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20234021","url":null,"abstract":"The adulthood leukodystrophy is an uncommon clinical condition. Physiotherapy treatment provided to this referred patient resulted in a significant functional recovery within a short span of time inspite of gross lesion. A 34-year-old male patient diagnosed as a case of leucodystrophy was referred for Physiotherapy after 2 years of initial diagnosis physiotherapy progress consisted of increasing muscle strength, reducing tightness and improving postural stability; also to improve mobility for 5 months. After taking the pre and post assessment values of MAS, FIST, mFRT and FIM, improvement through the post assessment values showed significant functional recovery within 5 months. Significant functional recovery after 2 years of diagnosis of leucodystrophy provides promising scope of physiotherapy in future cases of leucodystrophy.","PeriodicalId":505944,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences","volume":"347 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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