In this advance of the taxonomic revision that is being carried out in the genus Quararibea (Malvaceae) for the north of South America, three new species are described in this contribution, which are compared morphologically with the species considered related in each case. A first, Q. cornejoi, known from the wet forests of western Ecuador that we associate with Q. grandifolia and Q. casasecae, taxa also distributed in the Pacific corridor of Ecuador and Colombia. A second species, Q. latilimbata, from the sub-Andean forests of the Central Cordillera of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, related to the previous species and to the Amazonian species Q. duckei. All of them with an unusual trait in the genus, an androecium with the long staminal branches. Finally, Q.villanuevae, from the dry forests of the upper Magdalena Valley in the Department of Tolima, Colombia, associated with the Andean species Q. foenigraeca and Q. caldasiana. These last three species, which have androecium with smaller staminal branches, are assigned to a different morphological group. Illustrations and detailed photographs of the new species are included as well as keys to the identification of the treated species.
{"title":"Malvaceae neotropicae novae vel minus cognitae X. New species of Quararibea from Colombia and Ecuador","authors":"J. Fernández-Alonso","doi":"10.3989/ajbm.2584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2584","url":null,"abstract":"In this advance of the taxonomic revision that is being carried out in the genus Quararibea (Malvaceae) for the north of South America, three new species are described in this contribution, which are compared morphologically with the species considered related in each case. A first, Q. cornejoi, known from the wet forests of western Ecuador that we associate with Q. grandifolia and Q. casasecae, taxa also distributed in the Pacific corridor of Ecuador and Colombia. A second species, Q. latilimbata, from the sub-Andean forests of the Central Cordillera of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia, related to the previous species and to the Amazonian species Q. duckei. All of them with an unusual trait in the genus, an androecium with the long staminal branches. Finally, Q.villanuevae, from the dry forests of the upper Magdalena Valley in the Department of Tolima, Colombia, associated with the Andean species Q. foenigraeca and Q. caldasiana. These last three species, which have androecium with smaller staminal branches, are assigned to a different morphological group. Illustrations and detailed photographs of the new species are included as well as keys to the identification of the treated species.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44943708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Martín-Hernanz, M. Velayos, R. G. Albaladejo, A. Aparicio
Molecular systematics requires the establishment of a robust phylogenetic framework including extensive geographical and taxonomic sampling. In this work, we proposed systematic changes in the genus Helianthemum based on phylogenetic trees obtained by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of GBS data. The implications of these phylogenetic results for the systematics of Helianthemum entail the establishment of a new subgenus and novel re-ascriptions of sections and species along with some nomenclatural novelties. The following new combinations are proposed: Helianthemum subg. Eriocarpum (Dunal) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. oelandicum subsp. conquense (Borja & Rivas Goday ex G.López) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. nummularium subsp. cantabricum (M.Laínz) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. nummularium subsp. tinetense (M.Mayor & Fern.Benito) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio.
分子系统学需要建立一个强大的系统发育框架，包括广泛的地理和分类学采样。在这项工作中，我们根据GBS数据的最大似然和贝叶斯分析获得的系统发育树，提出了向日葵属的系统变化。这些系统发育结果对向日葵属系统学的意义包括建立一个新的亚属，对部分和物种进行新的重新命名，以及一些命名上的新颖性。提出了以下新组合：向日葵亚属。Eriocarpum（Dunal）Martín-Hernanz、Velayos、Albaladejo和Aparicio；H。oelandicum亚种。conquense（Borja&Rivas Goday ex G.López）Martín-Hernanz，Velayos，Albaladejo&Aparicio；H。nummularium亚种。cantabricum（M.Laínz）Martín-Hernanz、Velayos、Albaladejo和Aparicio；H。nummularium亚种。tinetensen（M.Mayor&Fern.Benito）Martín-Hernanz，Velayos，Albaladejo&Aparicio。
{"title":"Systematic implications from a robust phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Helianthemum (Cistaceae) based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data","authors":"Sara Martín-Hernanz, M. Velayos, R. G. Albaladejo, A. Aparicio","doi":"10.3989/ajbm.2601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2601","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular systematics requires the establishment of a robust phylogenetic framework including extensive geographical and taxonomic sampling. In this work, we proposed systematic changes in the genus Helianthemum based on phylogenetic trees obtained by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of GBS data. The implications of these phylogenetic results for the systematics of Helianthemum entail the establishment of a new subgenus and novel re-ascriptions of sections and species along with some nomenclatural novelties. The following new combinations are proposed: Helianthemum subg. Eriocarpum (Dunal) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. oelandicum subsp. conquense (Borja & Rivas Goday ex G.López) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. nummularium subsp. cantabricum (M.Laínz) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio; H. nummularium subsp. tinetense (M.Mayor & Fern.Benito) Martín-Hernanz, Velayos, Albaladejo & Aparicio.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46711487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After examination of specimens, mainly from the herbarium (MA) and the mycological collection (MA-Fungi) of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, we report several novelties on smut fungi within Europe. Two species of smut fungi, Sporisorium egyptiacum and Tilletia viennotii, are reported for the first time from Europe. A finding of Sphacelotheca polygoni-serrulati represents a second record for Europe. Six species of smut fungi, Moreaua kochiana, Schizonella elynae, Sporisorium egyptiacum, Thecaphora thlaspeos, Tilletia viennotii, and Ustanciosporium majus, are recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula. Five species of smut fungi, Moreaua kochiana, Schizonella elynae, Sporisorium egyptiacum, Thecaphora thlaspeos, and Ustanciosporium majus, are newly recorded from Spain. Three species, Moreaua kochiana, Sphacelotheca polygoni-serrulati, and Tilletia viennotii, are new for Portugal. A specimen of Moreaua kochiana represents a new record for France. Arabis serpillifolia is reported as a new host of Thecaphora thlaspeos. New distribution records from the Iberian Peninsula are given for Anthracoidea arenariae, Microbotryum minuartiae, M. silenes-saxifragae, and Tranzscheliella sparti. We also include a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of Moreaua kochiana, generated in this study, to understand this species’ relationships within its genus.
{"title":"Additions to the smut fungi of the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"T. Denchev, M. Martín, Martin Kemler, C. Denchev","doi":"10.3989/ajbm.2589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2589","url":null,"abstract":"After examination of specimens, mainly from the herbarium (MA) and the mycological collection (MA-Fungi) of the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid, we report several novelties on smut fungi within Europe. Two species of smut fungi, Sporisorium egyptiacum and Tilletia viennotii, are reported for the first time from Europe. A finding of Sphacelotheca polygoni-serrulati represents a second record for Europe. Six species of smut fungi, Moreaua kochiana, Schizonella elynae, Sporisorium egyptiacum, Thecaphora thlaspeos, Tilletia viennotii, and Ustanciosporium majus, are recorded for the first time from the Iberian Peninsula. Five species of smut fungi, Moreaua kochiana, Schizonella elynae, Sporisorium egyptiacum, Thecaphora thlaspeos, and Ustanciosporium majus, are newly recorded from Spain. Three species, Moreaua kochiana, Sphacelotheca polygoni-serrulati, and Tilletia viennotii, are new for Portugal. A specimen of Moreaua kochiana represents a new record for France. Arabis serpillifolia is reported as a new host of Thecaphora thlaspeos. New distribution records from the Iberian Peninsula are given for Anthracoidea arenariae, Microbotryum minuartiae, M. silenes-saxifragae, and Tranzscheliella sparti. We also include a phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences of Moreaua kochiana, generated in this study, to understand this species’ relationships within its genus.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44285517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Venugopal, S. Nampy, A. K. Pradeep, D. Francis, V. Mohan, S. Sasi
Parasopubia raghavendrae, a new species of Orobanchaceae is described from the southern Western Ghats of Kerala. It resembles P. delphinifolia and P. hofmannii var. hofmannii by its habit, shape, colour and hairiness of corolla lobes but differs by length of calyx tube, hairiness of staminal filaments and stomium, and shape and ornamentation of seeds. Parasopubia raghavendrae is hitherto known only from the type locality Mathikettan Shola National Park in Idukki district, Kerala. Detailed description of the new species along with colour photographs and comparison with its closely similar species are given. We also assessed provisionally the conservation status of the new species as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
{"title":"A new species of Parasopubia (Orobanchaceae) from the southern Western Ghats, India","authors":"D. Venugopal, S. Nampy, A. K. Pradeep, D. Francis, V. Mohan, S. Sasi","doi":"10.3989/AJBM.2585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/AJBM.2585","url":null,"abstract":"Parasopubia raghavendrae, a new species of Orobanchaceae is described from the southern Western Ghats of Kerala. It resembles P. delphinifolia and P. hofmannii var. hofmannii by its habit, shape, colour and hairiness of corolla lobes but differs by length of calyx tube, hairiness of staminal filaments and stomium, and shape and ornamentation of seeds. Parasopubia raghavendrae is hitherto known only from the type locality Mathikettan Shola National Park in Idukki district, Kerala. Detailed description of the new species along with colour photographs and comparison with its closely similar species are given. We also assessed provisionally the conservation status of the new species as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":"27 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79674146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of the revision of the original material and protologues, as well as the study of all the specimens at our disposal, Senecio gonocaulos DC. is transferred to the genus Pentacalia and the name P. poeppigiana A.Granda is included in the synonymy of the former name. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for S. gonocaulos and some observations and historical remarks on the type material of this species are provided.
{"title":"Pentacalia gonocaulos (Asteraceae, Senecioneae), new combination for a species from Peru","authors":"Arturo Granda, J. Calvo","doi":"10.3989/AJBM.2590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/AJBM.2590","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the revision of the original material and protologues, as well as the study of all the specimens at our disposal, Senecio gonocaulos DC. is transferred to the genus Pentacalia and the name P. poeppigiana A.Granda is included in the synonymy of the former name. Additionally, a lectotype is designated for S. gonocaulos and some observations and historical remarks on the type material of this species are provided.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76642432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña, S. Leavitt, Felix Grewe, H. Lumbsch
The genus Xanthoparmelia is the largest genus of lichen- forming fungi with about 800 species worldwide. Xanthoparmelia is also common in the deserts of central Mexico, but only a few molecular studies exist on its species’ diversity in this region. In this study, we sampled 38 Xanthoparmelia species from around the world including species from the xerophytic scrubs of central Mexico to assess the diversity using an integrative approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using a combination of the ITS, mtSSU and nuLSU genetic markers. We evaluated our phylogenetic results in a context of traditional morphological and chemical characters. The combined evidence of molecular, morphological, and chemical data identified a total of 18 Xanthoparmelia species-level lineages occurring in central Mexico. However, numerous traditionally circumscribed species did not form monophyletic groups in the molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. This conflict indicates that taxonomy and species delimitation in the genus Xanthoparmelia requires revision and emphasizes the importance of molecular evidence for more robust species delimitations in this genus.
{"title":"Diversity of Xanthoparmelia (Parmeliaceae) species in Mexican xerophytic scrub vegetation, evidenced by molecular, morphological and chemistry data","authors":"Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña, S. Leavitt, Felix Grewe, H. Lumbsch","doi":"10.3989/AJBM.2564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/AJBM.2564","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Xanthoparmelia is the largest genus of lichen- forming fungi with about 800 species worldwide. Xanthoparmelia is also common in the deserts of central Mexico, but only a few molecular studies exist on its species’ diversity in this region. In this study, we sampled 38 Xanthoparmelia species from around the world including species from the xerophytic scrubs of central Mexico to assess the diversity using an integrative approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using a combination of the ITS, mtSSU and nuLSU genetic markers. We evaluated our phylogenetic results in a context of traditional morphological and chemical characters. The combined evidence of molecular, morphological, and chemical data identified a total of 18 Xanthoparmelia species-level lineages occurring in central Mexico. However, numerous traditionally circumscribed species did not form monophyletic groups in the molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. This conflict indicates that taxonomy and species delimitation in the genus Xanthoparmelia requires revision and emphasizes the importance of molecular evidence for more robust species delimitations in this genus.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76479514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new species of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to H. oblongifolia but differs in having lanceolate calyx lobes, two prominent longitudinal flaps on the inner surface of the corolla tube, bilobed stigma and tomentose capsules. A detailed description of the new species with colour photographs, affinities and a comparison with related species is given. Based on the present data, the new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
{"title":"Henckelia khasiana, a new species of Gesneriaceae from India","authors":"S. Nampy, M. Akhil, M. Vishnu","doi":"10.3989/AJBM.2570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/AJBM.2570","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of Henckelia (Gesneriaceae) is here described and illustrated. It is morphologically most similar to H. oblongifolia but differs in having lanceolate calyx lobes, two prominent longitudinal flaps on the inner surface of the corolla tube, bilobed stigma and tomentose capsules. A detailed description of the new species with colour photographs, affinities and a comparison with related species is given. Based on the present data, the new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88100872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The previously overlooked name Croton moschatus Monteverde & P.Betancourt is here recognized for a Cuban endemic species on the basis that it was validly published and has priority over the heterotypic synonyms C. claraensis Urb. and C. sagranus Mull.Arg. In this work, a neotype for the name C. moschatus is designated and lectotypes are designated for C. claraensis and C. stenophyllus Griseb. var. rosmarinifolius Mull.Arg. We also comment on the confusion surrounding the uses of C. moschatus and other relevant historical aspects.
{"title":"Recognition of Croton moschatus (Euphorbiaceae) for the nomenclature of Cuban plants","authors":"I. E. Méndez Santos, Celio E. Moya López","doi":"10.3989/AJBM.2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/AJBM.2580","url":null,"abstract":"The previously overlooked name Croton moschatus Monteverde & P.Betancourt is here recognized for a Cuban endemic species on the basis that it was validly published and has priority over the heterotypic synonyms C. claraensis Urb. and C. sagranus Mull.Arg. In this work, a neotype for the name C. moschatus is designated and lectotypes are designated for C. claraensis and C. stenophyllus Griseb. var. rosmarinifolius Mull.Arg. We also comment on the confusion surrounding the uses of C. moschatus and other relevant historical aspects.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73820910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, we describe and illustrate a new alpine species of Astragalus sect. Anthylloidei from Iran. Astragalus wiesneri sp. nov., an interesting and rare species, is only known from the type locality in the Bul Mountain (near Eghlid city) in the southern Zagros Mountains. The new species is compared with close relatives, including A. nigrohirsutus and A. lalesarensis, which are also endemic to Iran. In addition, we assembled a dataset of nrDNA ITS sequences of 21 species (22 accessions) representing A. sect. Anthylloidei and ten species of other related spiny-cushion forming sections. Maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian Inference retrieved A. wiesneri sister to A. nigrohirsutus, a species growing in the same area as the new species. The description of A. wiesneri is presented along with a distribution map, some ecological information, field images, conservation status, and pertinent notes.
{"title":"What is Astragalus wiesneri? Disentangling a new species from its relatives in section Anthylloidei","authors":"A. Pahlevani, A. Maasoumi, S. Kazempour-Osaloo","doi":"10.3989/ajbm.2573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2573","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we describe and illustrate a new alpine species of Astragalus sect. Anthylloidei from Iran. Astragalus wiesneri sp. nov., an interesting and rare species, is only known from the type locality in the Bul Mountain (near Eghlid city) in the southern Zagros Mountains. The new species is compared with close relatives, including A. nigrohirsutus and A. lalesarensis, which are also endemic to Iran. In addition, we assembled a dataset of nrDNA ITS sequences of 21 species (22 accessions) representing A. sect. Anthylloidei and ten species of other related spiny-cushion forming sections. Maximum likelihood methods and Bayesian Inference retrieved A. wiesneri sister to A. nigrohirsutus, a species growing in the same area as the new species. The description of A. wiesneri is presented along with a distribution map, some ecological information, field images, conservation status, and pertinent notes.","PeriodicalId":55520,"journal":{"name":"Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45523137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Ocete, R. Ocete, R. Ocete, M. Lara, G. Renobales, J. M. Valle, Á. Rodríguez-Miranda, R. Morales
The Iberian Peninsula constitutes the Western limit of the dioecious Eurasian wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. subsp. sylvestris). At present, it is a threatened plant, due to human impacts. This liana has had different uses in this territory from the Paleolithic until the end of the last century, including several medicinal applications, inherited from the classical Greek culture. In order to retrieve the available written information, we carried out an exhaustive bibliographic search of the pharmacopoeia linked to this Vitaceae, from the 16th century to the present day. Current references on chemical composition of different parts of grapevine and their medicinal uses were also covered. In parallel, we conducted research in several archives and made inquiries to historians, anthropologists, and sanitary personnel. We also interviewed elderly people from rural areas of Spain and Portugal where some relic populations of wild grapevine are still conserved. Among the written and oral medicinal uses compiled, the main ones are: the use of the grapevine bleeding water to alleviate eczema and skin eruptions and to combat conjunctivitis and keratitis; the use of must from unripe berries (agua de agraz in Spanish) as liver tonic and to treat digestive diseases; the leaves were used to reduce edema, as antihemorrhoidal, and for menopausal disorders; and finally, the vinegar was used to clean and disinfect wounds both on humans and animals. This paper highlights the tremendous erosion of the traditional knowledge about this relevant plant genetic resource.
伊比利亚半岛构成了雌雄异株欧亚野生葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.subsp.sylvestris）的西端。目前，由于人类的影响，它是一种受到威胁的植物。从旧石器时代到上世纪末，这种藤本植物在该地区有着不同的用途，包括从古典希腊文化中继承下来的几种药用用途。为了检索可用的书面信息，我们对16世纪至今与该维生素科有关的药典进行了详尽的目录检索。还介绍了目前有关葡萄不同部位的化学成分及其药用的参考文献。与此同时，我们对几个档案馆进行了研究，并向历史学家、人类学家和卫生人员进行了询问。我们还采访了来自西班牙和葡萄牙农村地区的老年人，那里的一些野生葡萄树遗迹种群仍然保存着。在编写的书面和口头药物用途中，主要有：使用葡萄流血水缓解湿疹和皮肤疹，对抗结膜炎和角膜炎；使用未成熟浆果（西班牙语中的agua de agraz）中的浆果作为肝脏补品和治疗消化系统疾病；这些叶子被用来减轻水肿、抗血栓和治疗更年期疾病；最后，醋被用于清洁和消毒人类和动物的伤口。本文强调了对这一相关植物遗传资源的传统知识的巨大侵蚀。
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