生物医学研究中的还原论方法论和种族和民族类别的模糊性:最近证据的探索性研究。

IF 2.3 2区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS Medicine Health Care and Philosophy Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.1007/s11019-022-10122-y
Joanna K Malinowska, Tomasz Żuradzki
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引用次数: 2

摘要

在这篇文章中,我们分析了研究人员如何使用种族和民族的类别参考遗传学和基因组学。我们表明,当涉及到在遗传学和基因组学中使用种族类别时,仍然存在相当大的概念“混乱”(尽管在这个问题上存在广泛而流行的争论),这使得使用种族类别的研究很难进行适当的比较和解释,也很难从中得出结论。最后,我们简要地重建了一些遗传学家(以及其他研究遗传方法和解释的研究人员)特别容易遇到的还原论偏见,并在种族类别生物化的背景下分析了这个问题。我们的工作对生物医学和健康研究中关于报告种族和民族的辩论作出了新颖而深入的贡献。首先,我们借助最近在医学期刊上发表的关于COVID-19的论文样本,重构了研究人员在研究中隐含的关于种族本体论的理论背景假设。其次,我们利用还原论偏见的类型学,参照遗传学和基因组学来研究种族类别的生物化问题。
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Reductionist methodology and the ambiguity of the categories of race and ethnicity in biomedical research: an exploratory study of recent evidence.

In this article, we analyse how researchers use the categories of race and ethnicity with reference to genetics and genomics. We show that there is still considerable conceptual "messiness" (despite the wide-ranging and popular debate on the subject) when it comes to the use of ethnoracial categories in genetics and genomics that among other things makes it difficult to properly compare and interpret research using ethnoracial categories, as well as draw conclusions from them. Finally, we briefly reconstruct some of the biases of reductionism to which geneticists (as well as other researchers referring to genetic methods and explanations) are particularly exposed to, and we analyse the problem in the context of the biologization of ethnoracial categories. Our work constitutes a novel, in-depth contribution to the debate about reporting race and ethnicity in biomedical and health research. First, we reconstruct the theoretical background assumptions about racial ontology which researchers implicitly presume in their studies with the aid of a sample of recent papers published in medical journals about COVID-19. Secondly, we use the typology of the biases of reductionism to the problem of biologization of ethnoracial categories with reference to genetics and genomics.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
4.80%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy: A European Journal is the official journal of the European Society for Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care. It provides a forum for international exchange of research data, theories, reports and opinions in bioethics and philosophy of medicine. The journal promotes interdisciplinary studies, and stimulates philosophical analysis centered on a common object of reflection: health care, the human effort to deal with disease, illness, death as well as health, well-being and life. Particular attention is paid to developing contributions from all European countries, and to making accessible scientific work and reports on the practice of health care ethics, from all nations, cultures and language areas in Europe.
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