Peculiarities of innate immunity factors and cytokine profile in patients with atopic dermatitis

Аtopic dermatitis is considered a multifactorial disease, with immune disfunction playing the main role in the development and chronic course of the disease. The aim of this study was the assessment of the functional activity of neutrophils and the peculiarities of the cytokine profile in patients with uncomplicated and complicated forms of atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods . All patients with atopic dermatitis were divided into two groups: the first group included patients with an uncomplicated form of atopic dermatitis, and the second group included patients whose disease was complicated by secondary pyoderma. The functional activity of neutrophils was studied using the chemiluminescence method, the quantitative content of α-defensins and cytokines in the peripheral blood by the ELISA method. Results. Comparison of the functional activity of neutrophils revealed a decrease in their chemiluminescence in patients with complicated pyoderma form of the disease in relation to uncomplicated form of atopic dermatitis. The production of alpha-defensins was significantly increased in both variants of the disease, but was 1.5 times lower in the complicated form. The level of IL-4, one of the cytokines that determine the development and course of allergic inflammation, exceeded on average 2.5 times the indicators of donors, the content of IL-2, a key cytokine of adaptive immunity, was 2 times lower than the control values, which indicates a lack of adaptive immunity in these patients. Similar changes were found in the IFN-gamma indices, the level of which was 1.4 times lower than normal in both forms of the disease. Conclusions. Thus, in patients with complicated and uncomplicated forms of AD, significant differences were revealed in the functional activity of neutrophils, production of α-defensins and cytokine profile, more pronounced in patients with complicated pyoderma form of the disease. Determination of the level of α-defensins (HNP 1-3), IL-2 and TNF-alfa can serve as a prognostic criterion for the severity of the course of blood pressure and a personalized approach to treatment.