In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy Of Some Ayurvedic Plants Against Biofilm Forming MDR Enteric Bacteria And GC-MS Analysis Of The Active Extract

Abstract-Infectious diseases are still one of the leading causes of human mortality and morbidity across the globe. Among bacteria, emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) globally has threatens the successful treatment of infectious diseases. The continuous emergence of new types of resistant bacterial pathogens have decreased the efficacy of available antibacterial drugs. Evaluation of medicinal plants known for their biological activity against MDR bacteria is needed to explore and exploit the rich diversity of bioactive extracts of medicinal plants as an alternative antibacterial agent in combating AMR. In this study, methanolic extracts 10 medicinal plants were screened for antibacterial activity. The extracts were preliminary screened against strong biofilm forming MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method at the concentration of 1.0 mg/mL of each plant extract. The zone of inhibition was measured for the comparative analysis of their antibacterial activity. Among tested plants, Acoruscalamus exhibited considerable antibacterial activity with mean of zone of inhibitions 15.7 mm against test isolates and highest zone of inhibition was found to be against E. coli isolates ECM4 (17.6±0.57). Holarrhena antidysentrica and Hemidesmusindicus showed moderate antibacterial activity. Terminaliachebula, Punicagranatum and Plumbagozeylanica showed relatively low activity against test isolates with mean of zone of inhibitions less than 12.66 mm. The MIC of extracts ranged from 0.125 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL against test bacteria. It was found that methanolic extract of A. calamus showed considerable antibacterial activity with lowest MIC 0.125 mg/mL. MIC against ESβL producing bacterial isolates ranged from 0.125 mg/mL to 2.0 mg/mL. The findings indicated that bioactive extracts might be effective in treating infection caused by MDR bacteria.