建筑仿生学形成和发展的前提条件

D. S. Kravtsov, I. K. Tsvihovska
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摘要

这篇文章致力于研究仿生形式在现代建筑中的应用。探讨了仿生学类型的形成问题,给出了仿生学类型的特征及其在建筑和城市空间中的转移途径。作者注意到仿生学和建筑之间有明确的关系,并给出了证实和清楚说明这一点的例子。通过对这些类型的分析,确定了仿生形式在新建筑和结构设计中最相关的传播方向。结合研究结果,给出了可持续设计的定义。提出了现代建筑仿生学的特点和进一步发展的建议。适应自然的形式和现象并不是一个现代的概念。自史前时代以来,对自然机制的观察一直是创新的主要来源,这可以通过建筑史来感知。这个想法现在通过可持续建筑和适应性设计再次浮出水面。在20世纪20年代,对自然创新和进化的研究导致了一门独立的科学学科——仿生学的诞生。建筑和仿生学是密切相关的,因为建筑的过程与人类文明一样古老,而且它的第一个形式和结构来源显然是环境。本文简要概述了建筑学中仿生学的广泛主题。以上提到的建筑和构筑物只是一个选择,完整的建筑列表和与仿生学相关的描述超出了本研究的范围。与此同时,有必要在大学教育中更多地关注这个未被充分代表的话题,因为建筑的发展仍在继续,每天都有新的解决方案出现。现代和未来的建筑需要创新和使用先进的技术。
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PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIONICS IN ARCHITECTURE
The article is devoted to the study of the use of bionic forms in modern architecture. The question of the formation of bionics types is considered, the characteristic features of each type and the ways of their transfer to the architectural and urban space are given. The author notes a clear relationship between bionics and architecture, gives examples that confirm and clearly illustrate it. Based on the analysis of these types, the most relevant directions of the spread of bionic forms in the design of new buildings and structures are identified. Taking into account the research, the definition of sustainable design is given. The features and recommendations for further development of modern architectural bionics are provided. Adaptation of forms and phenomena of nature is not a modern concept. Observation of natural mechanisms has been the main source of innovation since prehistoric ages, which can be perceived through the history of architecture. This idea is now coming to the fore again through sustainable architecture and adaptive design. The study of natural innovation and the clarity of evolution during the 20s of the XX century led to the creation of a separate scientific discipline - bionics. Architecture and bionics are closely related to each other, as the process of building is as old as human civilization - moreover, its first formal and structural source was obviously the environment. This article is a brief overview of the vast topic of bionics in architecture. The buildings and structures mentioned above are only a selection, a complete list of buildings and descriptions related to biomimicry is beyond the scope of this study. At the same time, it is necessary to pay more attention to this underrepresented topic in university education, because the development of architecture continues, new solutions appear every day. Modern and future architecture requires innovation and the use of advanced technologies.
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