公共交通线段声学特性变化规律研究

M. Afonin, Mykola Postranskyy
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摘要

随着机动化水平的提高,城市的噪音污染问题变得十分严重。然而,大多数研究人员一般研究交通噪音的负面影响。在可持续出行的时代,减少城市街道上私家车的数量将成为一种趋势。然而,由于公共交通是一个相当强大的交通噪声源,因此住宅区的声负荷问题将无法解决。本文解决了公共交通车辆在不同速度模式和路面条件下声载荷变化规律的确定问题。本文的研究对象是公共交通线路的直线段。这项研究的主题是公共交通车辆在不同速度、位置和路面类型下噪音水平的变化模式。结果表明,直段公共交通噪声污染的主要范围为75 ~ 85 dBA,根据线路类型(无轨电车、公共汽车、有轨电车)和路面类型的不同,该水平可变化15 ~ 20%。在工作中揭示的噪声污染水平变化规律表明,对于每一种路面和公共交通线路类型,都存在这样的交通速度值,当达到这些值时,距离它们特定距离的居民区会产生加班声负荷。所得结果与现有科学研究的不同之处在于,他们考虑的是清晰的公共交通线路的声学特性,而不是整个交通流。因此,有可能确定公共交通产生的噪音的最大水平,而不是等效水平。结果的应用领域是新住宅区和现有邻近建筑区域的交通规划。因此,在第一种情况下,根据其类型和表面,就从施工线到拥有大量公共交通的主干道的领土差距提出了建议。另一方面,已就公共交通在与现有建筑物线路不同距离上的速度制度提出了建议。
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Patterns of changes in the acoustic characteristics on public transport linear segments
The problem of noise pollution in cities becomes quite acute as soon as it comes to increasing the level of motorization. However, most researchers study the negative impact of traffic noise in general. In the era of sustainable mobility, there will be a trend to reduce the number of private vehicles on city streets. Still, the problem of acoustic load in residential areas will not be solved since public transport is a rather powerful source of traffic noise. The article solves the problem of determining the patterns of changes in the acoustic load from public transport vehicles at different speed modes and road surface. The article's objects of research are straight sections of public transport lines. The subject of the study is the patterns of changes in the noise level from public transport vehicles at different speeds, their position, and the type of surface. The obtained results indicate that the main range of noise pollution from public transport on straight sections is 75-85 dBA, and this level can vary by 15-20% depending on the type of line (trolley bus, bus, tram) and the type of road surface. The regularities of changes in the level of noise pollution, which were revealed in work, indicate that for each type of surface and type of public transport line, there are such values of traffic speeds, when they are reached, there is an overtime acoustic load on residential areas at specific distances from them. The obtained results differ from the currently existing scientific studies in that they consider the acoustic characteristics of clear public transport lines and not the traffic flow as a whole. Therefore, it becomes possible to determine the maximum and not the equivalent level of noise from public transport. The field of application of the results is transport planning of both new residential areas and areas of existing adjacent buildings. Thus, in the first case, recommendations were made regarding territorial gaps from the construction line to arterial streets with high volume of public transport, depending on its type and surface. On the other hand, recommendations have been established regarding the speed regime of public transport at different distances from existing buildings' lines.
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