法律的局限性和司法制度的可变性

Dan Claudiu Dănișor
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摘要

在一个自由民主国家,法律的范围不可能是无限的。第一类限制是由于必须缓和法律制度的可变性。首先,律法不能朽坏。时间的流逝本身不应影响法律制度。因此,法律必须限制仅仅为了改变而改变的欲望,限制把规则变成一种表现的欲望。限制这种倾向在任何情况下都没有法律效力,这意味着管制方法的选择也必须考虑到正式原则及其适用的背景。其次,法律不能接受所有的变化。只有在某些情况下,与社会变化的规模相称,它才必须改变。任何社会冲突、意识形态取向的变化或政治、经济或结构的变化都不应决定法律秩序的变化。第三,法律制度的可变性可能是由制度功能失调决定的。然而,法律秩序内部的任何结构性冲突都不应带来系统性的变化。基本上,只有某些功能障碍可以被归类为系统性的,对它们的反应应限于制定结构修改。
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The limits of the law and the mutability of the judicial system
In a liberal democracy, the sphere of law cannot be unlimited. The first category of its limits results from the necessity to temper the mutability of the legal system. Firstly, the law must not be perishable. The passage of time should not, in itself, affect the legal system. Thus, the law must limit the desire for change only for the sake of change and the desire to turn regulations into a performance. The limitation of such tendencies is not legally effective under any circumstances, meaning that the choice of regulatory methods must take into account formal principles and the context of their application as well. Secondly, law cannot be receptive to all changes. It must shift only under certain circumstances, commensurate with the magnitude of social changes. Any social conflict, change of ideological orientation, or political, economic or structural modification should not determine modifications with respect to the legal order. Thirdly, the mutability of the legal system may be determined by systemic dysfunctions. However, any structural conflict within the legal order should not bring about systemic changes. Basically, only certain dysfunctions can be classified as systemic, and the reaction towards them should be limited to drawing up structural modifications.
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