Cognitive Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks with Hardware Impairments and Outdated CSI

This paper investigates the joint effects of hardware impairments (HIs) and imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the cognitive satellite-terrestrial relay networks (CSTRN) with multiple primary users (PUs). The satellite links are assumed to follow the Shadowed-Rician (SR) fading, while the terrestrial links follow the Rayleigh fading. Specifically, we derive the closed-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) and throughout for the considered CSTRN which is interfered by the multiple adjacent terrestrial primary users’ (PUs) interference. Moreover, in order to evaluate the effect of HIs and outdated CSI on the system performance at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the asymptotic analysis is also presented. Furthermore, computer simulation results are presented to validate the correctness of our analytical results.