The Bicuspid Aortic Valve – Various Phenotypic Expressions

The phenotypic expressions of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) are unpredictable, and difficult to compartmentalize. In current times the BAV is noted to represent approximately 50% of isolated severe aortic stenosis cases requiring surgery, and has been associated with aortic regurgitation, bacterial endocarditis and aortic dissection. Echocardiography is the diagnostic test to identify BAV. The clinical associations coupled with the high prevalence of BAV have made this an important area of clinical inquiry. We will explore the vast horizons and multifaceted challenges of the bicuspid aortic valve and our current understanding of this complex entity.