炎症在糖尿病视网膜病变中的作用

Anuj Sharma, D. Arora
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引用次数: 5

摘要

随着全球糖尿病负担的增加,与之相关的并发症也相应增加。糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病的一种危及视力的并发症,被认为是一种微血管病变。然而,最近的证据表明,炎症可能是这种疾病发病机制的关键因素。炎症介质如缺氧诱导因子、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1B等的水平在糖尿病玻璃体凝胶中被发现升高。神经血管单位的概念更好地解释了导致血液视网膜屏障破裂的变化,以及这些炎症介质如何在细胞水平上影响视网膜的形态。神经胶质细胞形成了这种神经血管结构的关键工具,也是炎症反应开始的细胞。了解糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制将有助于我们找到有针对性的治疗方法,这可能提供长期的好处和可能的治愈。尽管在小型临床或实验实验室环境中,很少有抗炎药物显示出希望。然而,未来的研究可能会导致更好地了解疾病和更好的药物干预。
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Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy
As the global burden of diabetes is increasing there is a corresponding increase in the complications associated with the same. Diabetic retinopathy is a sight threatening complication of diabetes mellitus which was considered to be a microvasculopathy. Recent evidence however, has brought to light that inflammation may be a key player in the pathogenesis of this condition. Levels of inflammatory mediators like Hypoxia inducible factor, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1B amongst others have been noted to be elevated in the diabetic vitreous gel. The concept of the neurovascular unit better explains the changes that take place resulting in the breakdown of the blood retinal barriers and how these inflammatory mediators affect the morphology of the retina at a cellular level. Glial cells form a key instrument of this neurovascular structure and are also the cells from where the inflammatory response is initiated. Understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy will help us in finding targeted therapies which may provide long term benefits and possible cure. Few anti-inflammatory medications have shown promise albeit in a small clinical or experimental laboratory setting. However, future research may lead to better understanding of the disease and a better pharmacological intervention.
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