Hybrid Embedded Power Supply Combining High-Energy Density and Ultra-High Power Lithium-ion Batteries For Electric Vehicle Applications

The work proposed in this paper deals with an improved configuration of hybrid embedded power supply in electric vehicle applications. New requirements for energy storage systems in the transportation domain are necessary, including high power and energy density, long lifetime, high dynamic charge acceptance particularly for regenerative braking, lightweight design, and relatively modest cost. In order to enhance the system performances and achieve these targets, the proposed system is composed of high-energy density lithium-ion battery as the main source and ultra-high power lithium-ion battery as an auxiliary source. The sizing process of this hybrid embedded power supply incorporating the optimization of the power split between both batteries is carried out thanks to a hybrid Particle Swarm–Nelder–Mead optimization algorithm. Obtained results show that the proposed configuration improves the dynamic charge and discharge, and decreases the power stress applied to the battery. Furthermore, the weight of the hybrid embedded power system is significantly enhanced compared to regular supply using single lithium-ion battery.