Solar Powered Sensors for Efficient Routing without Power Constraints

This paper proposes an EH-WSN multi-hop (MH) cluster routing protocol (Energy-balanced MH cluster routing, EBMCR) to obtain solar energy, to achieve network energy balance during intra-cluster transmission and inter-cluster transmission. The main contributions of this paper are as the protocol balances the energy consumption (EC) of cluster head (C-H)nodes in different units by dividing the network area, calculates the number of nodes in each unit according to mathematical derivation, and minimizes the total EC of Tdata, improve the HEED C-H selection method, select the node with high energy distribution and neighbor distribution weight in the unit as the C-H, and effectively balance the EC of the nodes in the cluster, based on the PSO algorithm, the inter-cluster routing strategy is designed to improve the energy efficiency of Tdata, ensure the energy balance of nodes on the transmission path, and avoid nodes with lower energy being selected as routing nodes.