Hierarchical optimization and control of a distribution system

A massive number of distributed energy resources (DER), battery energy storage systems (BESS), and smart appliances (loads) is expected to be deployed in the future. To capture the benefits associated with these emerging units, this paper proposes an advanced infrastructure that allows for an accurate and fast monitoring of the distribution electric feeder including various types of residential, commercial, and industrial loads. This scheme allows for optimizing the utilization and operation of the power system over a short term planning period. More precisely, the concept of distributed optimization algorithm through decomposing the problem into small parts is used to achieve the outlined goals. The enabling technologies that facilitate the implementation of the proposed infrastructure are the advanced metering devices and the distributed state estimation (DSE). The meters, basically, gather the system synchronized and non-synchronized data and send them to the DSE, which evaluates the real time model of the system 60 times per seconds. The results of the DSE are used to perform the optimization and set the controls for the system autonomously.