实验方法

V. Kresin, S. Ovchinnikov, S. Wolf
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摘要

在本章中,描述了几个最重要的实验技术。这些已经被用来探测超导态的最基本性质:能隙和配对相互作用。这些方法在验证传统超导体的超导机制方面发挥了至关重要的作用,也是对最近发现的新型超导体(如铜酸盐、铁基超导体等)超导性的基本理解的关键。所描述的技术都是光谱:准粒子通过绝缘屏障或通过点接触的隧道效应,约瑟夫森隧道效应,光子与超导膜或表面的相互作用,超声波的衰减,与超导化合物相互作用的μ子的弛豫和/或共振,以及谐振非弹性x射线散射(RIXS)。介绍了高压技术以及薄膜和结的制备。此外,一个最先进的实验程序,使观察的小机制进行了讨论。
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Experimental Methods
In this chapter, several of the most important experimental techniques are described. These have been used to probe the most fundamental properties of the superconducting state: the energy gap and the pairing interaction. These methods have played a crucial role in validating the mechanism of superconductivity in conventional superconductors and are key to a fundamental understanding of superconductivity in more recently discovered novel superconductors like cuprates, Fe-based superconductors, and so on. The techniques that are described are all spectroscopic: tunnelling of quasiparticles through an insulating barrier or through a point contact ,Josephson tunnelling, the interaction of photons with a superconducting film or surface, the attenuation of ultrasonic waves,, the relaxation and/or resonance of muons interacting with a superconducting compound, and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS). High-pressure techniques and the preparation of thin films and junctions are described. In addition, a state-of-the-art experimental procedure that enables the observation of the Little mechanism is discussed.
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Inhomogeneous Superconductivity and the ‘Pseudogap’ State of Novel Superconductors Materials (II) Properties: Spectroscopy Experimental Methods Manganites
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