Stochastic Modeling of Shielding Failures to Substations: Implications for the Energy Absorption Requirements of Surge Arresters

The energy stress of surge arresters installed in high voltage substations is computed by combining stochastic modeling of lightning incidence with an ATP-EMTP electromagnetic transients simulation model. An application is made to a 69 kV substation presented in IEEE Std 998. Results of this work indicate that the stochastic nature of the lightning attachment phenomenon shall be taken into account for the dimensioning and selection of the thermal energy rating of surge arresters installed in substations.