Experimental design methodology for hardware-in-the-loop missile performance simulations

Hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation can be a cost effective and validated way to assess the performance of missiles. Current experimental practise for HWIL simulations favours the use of Monte Carlo methods. There are often a significant number of interrelated factors that may affect the outcome of a missile/target engagement. Proper consideration of all factors can lead to a large test matrix with associated large resource demands. There is a need to develop a methodology to reduce the number of simulations required and still achieve a statistically significant result. In this regard, the selection of the sample size or the number of replications required for each experimental condition based on scientific methods is important. This paper discusses ways to establish sample size and confidence levels for the results. The paper also discusses factorial design applied to HWIL simulations; in particular, how factorial design aids the analysis of factor effects and interactions.