波兰城市中的共享空间

A. Zalewski
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摘要

本文的目的是介绍城市共享空间的概念,以及在波兰城市实施这一解决方案的结果。拟定的方法包括对文献进行审查,比较现有的解决办法和拟订关于执行情况的结论。这一趋势在过去的50年里出现,作为对公共空间步行化的一种平衡,在21世纪初经历了它的第二次青春,并在城市密集发展的许多地区实施,特别是在城市中心和具有历史特色的地区。共享空间解决方案是塑造功能和复兴公共空间形式的一种不可或缺的方式。这些解决方案有助于提高公共空间质量和交通安全,振兴社会生活,改善和减少交通对环境造成的滋扰,最终创造宜居城市。已实施的分析表明,在波兰城市的中心地区,其空间安排受到法律保护,共享空间解决方案的形式受到这些地区严格的保护限制的强烈影响。这意味着在塑造公共空间时需要尊重现有的历史条件,以及有限的改造可能性。本文提出的波兰共享空间解决方案在形式和质量上与国外的标准功能解决方案没有区别。然而,在波兰条件下实施的解决办法在材料方面更为有限,实施的数量也比西欧国家少。关键词:共享空间,交通平静化,波兰城市,公共空间的创造
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Shared Spaces in Cities of Poland
The aim of paper is a presentation an idea of shared space in the cities and results of implementation of this solution in the cities of Poland. The methodology of elaboration consisted of carrying out a review of the literature, comparing existing solutions and formulating conclusions regarding implementation. This trend, which has appeared over the past 50 years as a counterbalance to the pedestrianization of public spaces, is at the beginning of the 21st century experiencing its second youth and is being implemented in many areas in intensive urban development, especially in urban centers and areas of historic character. Shared space solutions are an integral way of shaping functions and forms of revitalized public spaces. These solutions contributes to improving the quality of public space and traffic safety, revitalizing social life, improving and reducing the environmental nuisance caused by traffic and finally created liveable city. Analyzes effectuated indicate, that in central areas of cities in Poland whose spatial arrangement is legally protected, the forms of shared spaces solutions are strongly influenced by strong conservation restrictions in these areas. This means the need  to respect existing historical conditions in shaping public spaces, as well as limited transformation possibilities. The Polish solutions of shared spaces presented in this paper of in their forms and quality do not differ from the standard functional solutions abroad. Solutions implemented in the Polish conditions, however, are more modest in terms of materials and implemented in a smaller number than is the case in Western European countries. Keywords: Shared spaces, Traffic calming, Cities of Poland, Creation of public space
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